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EXCRETORY SYSTEM. BY Mr.Anwar Amemar Soofi. Specific learning objectives. At the end of the class You must know.......... Organ of the urinary system Function of kidney,Uriary bladder,Urethra and Ureter. Name the parts of the C.S of the kidney. Name the parts of the Nephron.
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EXCRETORY SYSTEM BY Mr.AnwarAmemarSoofi
Specific learning objectives At the end of the class You must know.......... • Organ of the urinary system • Function of kidney,Uriary bladder,Urethra and Ureter. • Name the parts of the C.S of the kidney. • Name the parts of the Nephron. • Differentiate the cortical and Juxtamedullary nephron.
kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra Organs of the Urinary System
FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY 1.Excretory 2.Homeostatic • Water balance • Electrolyte balance • Blood pressure regulation • Acid base balance 3.Endocrine. • Renin • Erythropoietin & thrombopoitin • 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
KIDNEY • Bean shaped • Paired organ (150gm each) • At the level of L1 to L3 • Right kidney lies little lower than Left
Lateral or outer surface is convex Medial or inner surface is concave Medial surface face the vertebral column Hilus- the slit on the medial surface; For entering of Blood vessels, nerve, lymphatics & exit of ureter
C.S of Kidney • Contains nephrons & connective tissues • Having two zones • Outer cortex & • Inner medulla • Inner most renal pelvis
Renal pyramids Renal pelvis Renal cortex Renal capsule Ureter Renal medulla
length 45 - 65mm Each kidney 1.3 million Renal corpuscle Renal tubules
Nephrone • Functional unit of kidney • About 1 to 1.5millon nephrons in each kidney • Normal kidney function 1/3rd nephrons are enough
Renal Tubule • Proximal convoluted tubule • Loop of Henle • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting tubule
Renal corpuscle (Glomerulus/ Malphigian) Tufts of capillaries Bowman’s capsule: Function – Filtration of plasma
Cortical nephron • Juxta medullary nephron
Difference between Cortical & Juxta medullary nephron Cortical nephron • Glomerulus present in superficial cortex • Loop of Henle is short • Loop of Henle extends upto outer medulla • No thin ascending limb Juxta-medullary nephron • Glomerulus present deep cortex • Loop of Henle is long • Loop of Henle extends upto tip or papillae of inner medulla • Having thin & thick ascending limb
Difference between cortical & Juxta medullary nephron Cortical nephron • Efferent arteriole gives rise to only peritubular capillaries • Less role in counter current mechanism-minor role in concentration of urine • 85% of nephron Juxta medullary nephron • Efferent arteriole gives rise to peritubular capillaries and vasa recta • Important role in counter current mechanism-major role in concentration of urine • 15% of nephron
Function of Kidney • Formation of urine. • It removes waste product from the body. • It maintaince the Homeostasis like • Water balance • Blood volume • Electrolyte balance • Acid base balance 4.Hemopoietic function by secretion of erythropoietin 5.Endocrine function by secretion of Renin,Erythropoietin,Prostaglandin