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FELINE LEUKEMIA BY: JENNI DERHEIM

FELINE LEUKEMIA BY: JENNI DERHEIM. FeLV Facts/History. 1 st FeLV case was discovered in 1964 in a cluster of cats with lymphosarcomas Major cause of illness and death in the domestic cat It is a retrovirus (FIV) 1-2% of cats have FeLV More common in males Kittens are more susceptible.

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FELINE LEUKEMIA BY: JENNI DERHEIM

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  1. FELINE LEUKEMIABY: JENNI DERHEIM

  2. FeLV Facts/History • 1st FeLV case was discovered in 1964 in a cluster of cats with lymphosarcomas • Major cause of illness and death in the domestic cat • It is a retrovirus (FIV) • 1-2% of cats have FeLV • More common in males • Kittens are more susceptible

  3. What is Feline Leukemia? • Cancerous disease caused by feline leukemia virus (FeLV). • Can cause cancers other than Leukemia • Causes immunodeficiency • Only felines can carry this virus

  4. 3 Types of FeLV: • FeLV A- occurs in all infected w/FeLV- causes severe weakened immune system • FeLV B- occurs in about 50% of infected cats- causes neoplastic diseases more than those infected with type A. • FeLV C- occurs in about 1% of those infected- causes severe anemia

  5. Microscopic view of FeLV

  6. Diagnosis: • Elisa test: Produces more false positive tests- detects antigens in the blood serum • IFA test: Produces a more accurate positive test- detects antigens in the white blood cells • PCR test: used if Elisa and IFA test do not match

  7. Microscopic view of FeLV

  8. Prevention: • #1 Get your kitty vaccinated!! (If at risk) • #2 Limit exposure to other infected cats • #3 Keep your cat indoors all year round • #4 Make annual check-ups for your cat • #5 Only breed FeLV negative cats • #6 Test all cats you introduce to your household

  9. Positive FeLV test:

  10. Vaccination • Many different vaccines • Most are killed • Have 1-2 adjuvants • Given in the left rear • Given 1 time, then boostered 3-4 weeks • Annually after that

  11. Vaccination continued • Transdermal available (needle-less) • FeLV Purevax Recombinant: • No adjuvant • Only to be used with Vet Jet transdermal vaccination system • Receive 2 vaccines 3 weeks apart then annually • Equal protection as injectable vaccines

  12. Side effects of vaccination • Risk of sarcomas developing at site • Local swelling or pain • Transient lethargy • Fever • Post-vaccination granuloma formation

  13. FeLV Purevax

  14. Signs and Symptoms: • (symptoms depend on type of virus and stage it is progressed to) • Anemia • Blood in the stool • Decreased appetite • Depression • Diarrhea/constipation • Excessive drinking/urination • Jaundice • Weight loss • Lymphadenopathy • Lymphoid/myeloid tumors (about 30% of infected cats)

  15. Pregnant cat signs/symptoms: • Increased bacterial and viral infections • Lack of appetite • Lethargic • Stunted growth • Thymic atrophy • Wasting • Disintegration of the fetuses • Spontaneous abortion

  16. FeLV infects the fetus:

  17. FeLV with cancer signs/symptoms • Respiratory distress • Cloudy eyes • Constipation • Neurological problems • Intestinal inflammation • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Liver/kidney disease

  18. Thymic Lymphoma:

  19. Transmission: • Can not spread to human or any other species • Large amounts of FeLV excreted in saliva • Biting is major cause of transmission • Mutual grooming • Sharing food/water • Tears • Urine • Feces • Fetus • Milk

  20. Prognosis: • Approximately 70% of cats infected develop an immunity before symptoms appear • 30% of infected cats don’t develop immunity and 50% of those die within a few years • After being stressed or medicated with drugs that suppress the immune system many that are initially immune may suffer a viremic breakout

  21. Treatment: • THERE IS NO CURE!!!!! • Pain relieving and discomfort treatments can be used • Antibiotics • Blood transfusions • Chemotherapy • Dietary supplements • Immunomodulatory drugs

  22. Resources: • http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+1316&aid=211 • http://www.animalhealthchannel.com/FeLV/index.shtml • https://secure.vlsstore.com/Media/images/vt/09_05/VT_0905_634.png • www.acaciapetclinic.com/Cases/Anemia.htm • http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/36/2_Part_2/582

  23. Resources continued… • http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care/cat-care-feline-leukemia-virus.html • http://www.petplace.com/cats/feline-leukemia-vaccine-recommendations/page1.aspx • http://www.catvaccines.com/feline_vaccination_guidelines.htm

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