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Ultrasonic Pulse Generation Transmission

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Ultrasonic Pulse Generation Transmission

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    1. Team: Dan Mallek – Engineering Physics Dave Thieken – Engineering Physics Dan Vontell – Electrical Engineering Lee Chong – Electrical Engineering Ultrasonic Pulse Generation & Transmission

    2. Ultrasound Imaging Ultrasound implies sound at a frequency of 1 MHz or more These high frequency acoustic waves can be used to safely image internal organs in a non-invasive way.

    3. How is this useful? Most commonly used in pregnancy to monitor a fetus It can be used for a very wide variety of other medical purposes Detecting tumors or other abnormal growths Tears in tendons Diagnosing heart ailments Diagnosing Breast Cancer More recently, acoustic targeted drug delivery Most importantly, it is non-invasive, and much safer than actually going into the body.

    4. Ultrasound Imaging Depending on the density of the materials to be imaged, the waves bounce off with different velocities.

    5. Our Goal A computer interface that will provide complete control of the ultrasound transducers.

    6. Improvements Current system Analog Difficult to manipulate frequency and shape Our new system Control over specific variables Frequencies Amplitude Delay Width Duty Cycle

    7. Solution Overview Interface LabView and/or Matlab DAQ Card Can pass 4 digital signals A means of communication between the computer and transducers Amplifiers Bumps up digital signal from the computer to drive transducers Transducers Converts electrical signals into ultrasonic sound

    8. Project Specifications Transducer Array Minimum of four Signal Frequency Range 2MHz – 6MHz Signal Voltage Range 20V – 30V Budget $1,000 USD

    9. User Interface The program created will allow the manipulation of each of the pulse trains’ frequency, amplitude, duty cycle, and delay. By modifying the delay, the user is able to focus the ultrasound waves on a desired location.

    10. Computer DAQ Card A multiple channel computer DAQ Card will be interfaced with the designed program and will transmit the pulse train signals from the computer. This card must be capable of generating these pulse trains at a frequencies greater then 6 MHz and have at least four channels.

    11. Amplification The high frequency power amplifiers will increase the voltage of the analog signals to a range of 20-30 volts which is required by the ultrasound transducers. The amplifiers must be capable of amplifying signals at frequencies greater than 6 MHz and have a maximum output voltage greater than 30 volts.

    12. Ultrasound Transducers Transducers Made of piezoelectric material that has the ability to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations and vice versa. Sending The presence of an electric field across the material causes it to change dimensions, thus creating sound waves. Receiving The echo (vibrating waves) causes the same piezoelectric crystals to be deformed and thus creating an electrical energy that can be measured and displayed.

    13. Detection and Localization using Transducer Array Why use an array? It improves the clarity of images by focusing the acoustic waves at the point. How does it work? The peaks of the amplitude in each waveform are aligned at the focal point. The outermost transducers will receive pulses sooner than transducers closer to the center.

    14. Possibilities More channels More than four channels in the transducer array will provide better image quality. The card that we purchase will be the determining factor in the maximum number of channels we can have. Even more features Automation of calculations used to create focal points.

    15. Project Plan The project can be broken down into five phases: Research and Planning Creating a User Friendly Interface Finding and Ordering Needed Parts System Integration Testing and System Improvements

    16. Timeline

    17. Budget

    18. Challenges Pulse Synchronization Determining the delays needed for the synchronization of sound waves at a focal point. Meeting the specifications Staying within the budget Staying on schedule Communication

    19. Conclusion Completion of this project will result in an improved interface which will increase the ease of employing and testing ultrasound imaging. Eliminates the need for analog controls Provides greater and more precise control

    20. References http://www.ndt-ed.org http://www.olympusndt.com/en/ndt-tutorials/transducers/focusing/ http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/USPRO/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_sensors

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