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although, but, however

although, but, however. All of these words join clauses in sentences, but they are different parts of speech. This presentation explains the impact of the word choice on sentence pattern and punctuation. although, but, however Semantic similarity.

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although, but, however

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  1. although, but, however All of these words join clauses in sentences, but they are different parts of speech. This presentation explains the impact of the word choice on sentence pattern and punctuation.

  2. although, but, howeverSemantic similarity These three words are related semantically(in meaning): they all signal a contrast in the information that follows with the information that precedes. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  3. although, but, howeverStructural difference However, these words differ structurally:they are different parts of speech and affect sentence patterns in different ways. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  4. Semantic similarityStructural difference An editor needs to know the structuraldifference in order to punctuate sentences correctly. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  5. although, but, howeversentence patterns and punctuation • Punctuation errors can result from using the words as interchangeable. • Misreading can result from errors. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  6. parts ofspeech For use with Technical Editing 4e

  7. sentence analysisCompound sentence, coordinating conjunction I have studied the textbook, but I am still confused. • coordinating conjunction (“but”) • two independent clauses (“I have studied” and “I am”) • compound sentence: comma separates clauses with a coordinating conjunction For use with Technical Editing 4e

  8. sentence analysisComplex sentence, subordinating conjunction AlthoughI have studied the textbook, I am still confused. • two clauses (2 pairs of subject + verb) • subordinating conjunction (“although”) • dependent clause • complex sentence: comma after the introductory clause For use with Technical Editing 4e

  9. sentence analysisComplex sentence, subordinating conjunction I have studied the textbook;however, I am still confused. • conjunctive adverb (joins clauses but does not affect sentence pattern) • two independent clauses • compound sentence, no coordinating conjunction-->semicolon For use with Technical Editing 4e

  10. sentence analysisTwo simple sentences, “however” as adverb in one I am confused. I have, however, studied the textbook. • “however”is an adverb • two simple sentences • the adverb is interrupting material that requires a pair of commas For use with Technical Editing 4e

  11. Review although, but, however • Parts of speech affect sentence patterns. • Although, but,andhoweverare different parts of speech. • although--subordinating conjunction • but--coordinating conjunction • however--conjunctive adverb For use with Technical Editing 4e

  12. Review: sentence types • compound sentence =two independent clauses • join with comma plus coordinating conjunction • join with a semicolon • complex sentence =one independent clause, one dependent clause • join with a comma or nothing (never a semicolon) For use with Technical Editing 4e

  13. Review although, but, however • Althoughmakes a clause dependent and the sentence complex. • Butjoins independent clauses in a compound sentence. • Howevercan join independent clauses but does not change their independence. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  14. Editing:original sentence (punctuation error) • When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly; although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  15. When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech. dependent clause (“when” is a subordinating conjunction) independent clause (S+V) dependent clause (S+V + subordinating conjunction) Editing: analysis For use with Technical Editing 4e

  16. Option #1 for punctuation Delete the semicolon (or replace it with a comma): maintain complex sentence When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  17. Option #2 for punctuation Replace although with however and retain the semicolon: create a compound-complexsentence(includes 2 independent clauses) When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly; however, it is easy to confuse different parts of speech. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  18. Choosing an option • In this case, the second option is probably better. • The sentence is long and difficult. Subordination and lack of punctuation increase reading difficulty. Coordination creates parallel structure, which aids comparison. For use with Technical Editing 4e

  19. although, but, however • know parts of speech • know the ways these words affect clauses • punctuate according to structure For use with Technical Editing 4e

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