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Evolution of Agriculture: From Ancient Origins to Modern Innovations

Explore the history and impact of agricultural practices from the Neolithic Revolution to the Industrial and Green Revolutions, including subsistence and commercial farming methods. Discover the advancements in bio-revolution and the challenges faced in modern agriculture.

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Evolution of Agriculture: From Ancient Origins to Modern Innovations

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  1. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  2. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  3. Agriculture • Most common • 250,000 Hunters & Gatherers • Allows for… • Settlement • Development • Civilization

  4. Agriculture • Commercial Farming • Market • Subsistence • Only enough

  5. Agriculture • Origin • Carl Sauer • Vegetative Planting • Not seeds / Parts of plants • SE Asia • Separation / Replanting • Diffusion • China, Japan, Africa, SW Asia, etc

  6. Agriculture • Origin • Andes / West Africa • Physical barriers

  7. Seed Agriculture • Plants from seeds • Improvement • Higher yield

  8. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  9. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  10. Quiz Ferret! !

  11. Quiz Ferret! Where does Carl Sauer believe the first hearth of agricultural practices is located?

  12. Quiz Ferret! SE Asia using vegetative planting!

  13. 1st Revolution • Agriculture / Neolithic Revolution • 12,000 years • Domestication • Hunter / Gatherer • Stationary • Independent Development

  14. Agricultural Revolution • W India • Wheat / Barley • SW Asia • Barley, Wheat, Animals • Sheep, Goats • Northern China • Millet • S Mexico • Squash / Corn

  15. Agriculture • Northern Peru • Cotton • Squash • Bean

  16. Industrial Revolution • 2nd Agricultural Revolution • Enclosure Movement • Land Divided • Wealthier Individuals • Ownership of Land

  17. Industrial Revolution • Social Changes • Move to cities • Jobs • Improved Transportation • New forms of energy

  18. Industrial Revolution • New Technologies • Horses • Collars • Field Drainage • Irrigation • Storage • Understanding Soil Nutrients • Crop Rotation

  19. Industrial Revolution • Selective Breeding • Plants and Animals

  20. Industrial Revolution • 1800’s • Globalization / Industrialization • Increased food supply • Agricultural Production / Fertilizers • Pesticides • Farming / Food production • Specialization • From farm to factory

  21. Industrialization • Crops raised / processed / distributed • Milk • 1700’s • 1900’s

  22. Agribusiness • Modern Food Production • Large Corporate farms • Own most or all parts of production • Seed -> Marketing and selling of produce

  23. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  24. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  25. Green Revolution • 1950’s – Present • Norman Borlaug • Hybrid Seeds / Fertilizers • Maximize output • Help others support populations • Mexico • India

  26. Green Revolution • Wheat / Maize / Rice • Pesticides and Fertilizers • World Hunger • Grain production increased45%

  27. Green Revolution • Africa • Problems • Greater inequality • Inadequate resources

  28. Green Revolution • Problems • Pollution • Greater use of energy • Pesticides • Water • Diversity in seed strands

  29. Bio-Revolution • Genetic Modification • GMO’s • Improve production • Genetic Engineering • Faster / larger / Pesticides / Drought Resistance

  30. Bio-Revolution • Animals • Meat • Milk

  31. Bio-Revolution • Support • Output • Reduce Cost • Fertilizer • More food for growing world

  32. Bio-Revolution • Criticism • Crop disease • Genetic Diversity • More pesticides • Push out small farmers

  33. Quiz Ferret! !

  34. Quiz Ferret! Who was the American scientist who started the Green Revolution?

  35. Quiz Ferret! Norman Borlaug!

  36. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  37. Unit 5 Agriculture and Rural Land Use

  38. Agricultural Practices • Subsistence • Commercial

  39. Subsistence Agriculture • Less Developed Nations • Provide for family • Three Types • Shifting • Intensive Subsistence • Pastoralism

  40. Subsistence Agriculture • Shifting Cultivation • Three Field System • Rotate Fields • Nutrients Replenished • Tropical Regions • Africa, Amazon River, SE Asia

  41. Subsistence Agriculture • Thin top soil • Nutrient Depletion • Heavy Rains • Slash and Burn Agriculture • Clear land • Swidden • Labor intensive • Large amounts of Land

  42. Subsistence Agriculture • Slash and Burn • Many types of seed • Reduce crop failure risk • Environmental Issues • Land cannot recover • Cause permanent damage

  43. Subsistence Agriculture • Intensive Subsistence • Heavily populated areas • Not much land • China, India, SE Asia • Terraced Farming

  44. Subsistence Agriculture • Intensive • Rice • Rainfall • Wheat, corn, millet • Double Cropping • Multiple crops in one field

  45. Subsistence Agriculture • Pastoralism • Breeding and herding • Not hospitable for crops • Grasslands, deserts, steppes • Sedentary • Living in one place • Nomadic • Roaming

  46. Subsistence Agriculture • Pastoralism • Cows, Sheep, Goats, Camels • Animal meat not usually for consumptions • Use animals for fur, milk, and to trade • N Africa, Central / S Africa, ME, Central Asia (Mongolia) • Nomads move with cattle • Cool highlands = summer • Warm lowlands = winter • Transhumance

  47. Quiz Ferret! !

  48. Quiz Ferret! Which category of agricultural practice is most likely found in LDC?

  49. Quiz Ferret! Subsistence!

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