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United States Constitution September 17, 1787

United States Constitution September 17, 1787. Articles I - VII. Preamble - states the broad purpose.

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United States Constitution September 17, 1787

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  1. United States ConstitutionSeptember 17, 1787 Articles I - VII

  2. Preamble- states the broad purpose We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America

  3. Preamble- states the broad purpose We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America Write the Preamble… Answer the following: 1. Why did they call themselves the “United States”? 2. What are the 6 “goals” mentioned in the Preamble? 3. What is meant by, “liberty to ourselves and our posterity”? 4. Rewrite the Preamble…in your own words

  4. Importance of Article I - III • Set up governmental branches and powers: three branches and separation of powers • Legislative • Executive • Judicial • Modeled on Montesquieu's idea • Divided into Articles, Sections, Clauses

  5. Article I – Legislative Branch • Bicameral Congress composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives • Lists qualifications for Congress • Lists the enumerated or expressed powers of Congress • Allows implied powers “necessary and proper”– those powers that are needed to carry out expressed powers • Names powers denied to States

  6. Power given, and reserved… • Expressed: Specifically written in the Constitution – also called enumerated powers • Implied: Congress is allowed to use these powers to carry out the expressed powers.Aka “necessary and proper” • Reserved: Powers given to States like holding elections, education or issuing marriage licenses. • Concurrent: Powers shared by both the national and State governments like taxing. • Inherent: Powers a government has because it is a sovereign nation.

  7. Congress Congress has 535 voting members 435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The members of the House of Representativesserve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a "district". Senators serve 6 year terms and are reelected on two year rotating cycles

  8. Powers Denied • Habeas Corpus: Not allowed to hold a person without charging him • Bill of Attainder: Can not put a person in jail without a trial • No one may have or be given a title of nobility.

  9. Article II Executive Branch • Sets qualifications and term of the President and Vice President • Originally had no limit – 22nd Amendment changed • Lists duties • Two conflicting views of Article 2 • Powers of the President are limited to those enumerated (listed) in the article (strict) • President is given executive power are not limited by the provisions of the rest of the article (loose)

  10. Electoral College • Electoral College Proposals • Members of Congress should choose the President • People should choose the President • Decision • Each state legislature would choose a number of electors; these electors known as the Electoral College would select the President in December after the popular election

  11. Article III Judicial • Established one Supreme Court • Congress can create other inferior courts as needed • Defines treason: aiding or helping enemies of, or making war against the United States • Specifies original and appellate jurisdiction • Judicial Branch was weakest branch until John Marshall became Chief Justice

  12. Article IV – Relations among States • Full Faith and Credit Clause • Must allow citizens of other states the same rights as their own citizens and they must recognize the legal documents of other states. • Establishes extradition (returning an accused at the request of a State’s governor) • How to admit new States • Gives Congress authority over territories • Each State will be protected

  13. Article V Amending the Constitution • Establishes four methods of amending the Constitution

  14. Amending the Constitution • Proposals • 2/3rds vote of both houses of Congress propose an amendment – only one used so far • 2/3rds of the States request a convention that proposes an amendment • Ratification • 3/4ths of States legislatures approve • 3/4ths of States call special conventions that approve How many states is 3/4ths? 38 Only the 21st Amendment used this

  15. Article VI National Supremacy • Congress would repay all debts of the US • National laws are always superior to State or local laws • Requires loyalty oath of public officers • No religious qualification can be required

  16. Article VII - Ratification • Nine of the thirteen States could ratify (approve) the Constitution • Ten months for the first nine states to approve the Constitution • Delaware (1st) on 12/7/1787 • New Hampshire (9th) • Rhode Island was the last

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