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Asia-Pacific Regional Economic Cooperation: Origin, Issues and Prospect. 亞太地區經濟合作:始源、課題與前景. Professor Edward K.Y. Chen (陳坤耀教授) Chairman, Hong Kong Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation 14 Oct 2006. Forms of Cooperation 合作的形式. Forum/Dialogue Preferential Trading Agreement (PTA)
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Asia-Pacific Regional Economic Cooperation:Origin, Issues and Prospect 亞太地區經濟合作:始源、課題與前景 Professor Edward K.Y. Chen (陳坤耀教授) Chairman, Hong Kong Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation 14 Oct 2006
Forms of Cooperation合作的形式 • Forum/Dialogue • Preferential Trading Agreement (PTA) • Custom Union • Common Market • Monetary Union
Reasons for Cooperation合作的原因 • Trade CreationFor the Country, Region and the World • Pooling ResourcesNatural, Physical and Human • Policy Coordination
Evolution of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation • 1960s to 1980s • Cross-regional East Asia – North America – Australasia • PAFTA, PAFTAD, PECC, APEC, ASEAN • Leaders: USA, Japan
1990s • Regional East Asia • EAEG, EAEC, AFTA • Leaders: Malaysia, Japan ???
2000s • Bilateral – RTA/BTA • Deeper, Non-trade, Non-WTO, Faster cooperation • Stepping stone or Stumbling block?
2000s • Sub-regional • Asean-Plus-Three, Asean-Plus-One • Hub/Leader: China?
Factors Contributing to Asia-Pacific Sub-Regional Economic Cooperation • Geo-politics • Increased integration in America: NAFTA, FTAA • Increased integration in Europe: EU – A Monetary union
USA’s “Deeper” involvement in the Middle East • Emergence of China as a world economic and military power
Geo-economics • China as a production hub and an engine of growth in the region • Economic Complementarity • Sub-regional division of labour • Increased intra-regional trade and investment
Asian financial crisis and international failure • The APEC process in liberalizing trade?
New Thinkings of Cooperation • Economics to beyond economics regional security, civil security,health, neo-economic security • Informal to semi-formal • Cross-regional to sub-regional
USA/Japan to China as leader • China as the hub in a hub-spoke, spoke-spoke relationship
A Scenario of Workable Globalization with Building Blocks
Challenges • National Autonomy • Political/ Cultural/ Social Diversity • Presence of Indisputable Leader(s) • Geopolitics • Geoeconomics