1 / 11

ELEMENTS: CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

ELEMENTS: CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Remember, what one doesn’t know can hurt. GROUP 1 Alkali Metals. Are not found as elements in nature Stored under kerosene or other hydrocarbon solvent (oil) Can react with water vapor or oxygen in the air

shaw
Download Presentation

ELEMENTS: CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ELEMENTS: CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

  2. Remember, what one doesn’t know can hurt.

  3. GROUP 1Alkali Metals • Are not found as elements in nature • Stored under kerosene or other hydrocarbon solvent (oil) • Can react with water vapor or oxygen in the air • Good conductors of electricity and heat • Ductile, malleable, and soft • Silvery luster • Low density • Low melting point • Form: colorless ions with a 1+ charge ionic compounds water-soluble bases Potassium reaction with water Sodium reaction with air

  4. GROUP 2Alkaline Earth Metals • Are not found as elements in nature • Occur most commonly as carbonates, phosphates, silicates, and sulfates • Good conductors of electricity and heat • Ductile and malleable • Silvery luster • Includes naturally radioactive element radium • Form: less reactive than alkali metals rxn with HOH to form bases & hydrogen gas compounds are insoluble or only slightly soluble in water forms primarily ionic compounds ions with a 2+ charge Beryl A source of beryllium

  5. GROUPS 3 – 12Transition Metals • Usually harder, more brittle than Groups 1 & 2 metals • Higher melting & boiling points than Groups 1 & 2 metals • Good conductors of electricity and heat • Malleable and ductile • Silvery luster, except copper & gold • Chemical properties differ from each other • Include radioactive elements 89-112 • Compounds often colored • May form complex ions • 1 or 2 valence electrons • Usually have ≥ 2 common oxidation states • Includes mercury, only metal that is liquid at room temperature Transition metals

  6. GROUP 13 Boron Family • are not found as elements in nature • scarce in nature • metallic solids • soft, low melting points • chemically reactive at moderate temperatures • 3 valence electrons • Exceptions: aluminum:most abundant metallic element which exists as ore bauxite, is self-protecting boron:metalloid, covalent solid, hard, high melting point, not chemically reactive at moderate temperatures

  7. GROUP 14 Carbon Family • nonmetal:carbon metalloids:silicon, germanium metals:tin, lead • large variation in physical & chemical properties • occurs in elemental & combined forms • relatively unreactive • 4 valence electrons • tend to form covalent compounds althoughtinand leadwill form ionic compounds • Tin and lead are self-protecting metals

  8. GROUP 15 Nitrogen Family • nonmetals:nitrogen, phosphorus metalloids:arsenic, antimony metal:bismuth • Most common forms: nitrogen: atmospheric N2 phosphorus:phosphate rock arsenic, antimony, bismuth: sulfides or oxides antimony, bismuth: elements • abundant :nitrogen, phosphorus rare: arsenic, antimony, bismuth • formcovalent compounds, oxidation numbers usually +3 or +5 • atoms have 5 electrons in their outermost energy level • Exist in ≥2 allotropic forms exceptnitrogen & bismuth • Solids at room temperature, except nitrogen

  9. GROUP 16 Oxygen Family • nonmetal: oxygen, sulfur, selenium metalloid: tellurium metal: polonium • occur as elements & in combined states • form covalent compounds, oxidation numbers usually -2 • atoms have 6 electrons in outermost energy shell • often exist as diatomic & polyatomic molecules (i.e. O2, S6) • exist in several allotropic forms (i.e. sulfurcan exist as orthorhombic or monocliniccrystal structure)

  10. GROUP 17 Halogens • all nonmetals • occur in combined form, usually as metal halides • found in rocks of Earth’s crust & dissolved in sea water • At room temperature --- gas: F2 Cl2 liquid: Br2 solid: I2 • all reactive, esp. fluorine • Atoms have 7 electrons in outermost energy level • Usually gain an electron to form a halide, X- ion, but can share electrons & have positive oxidation states

  11. GROUP 18 Noble Gases • inert • essentially demonstrate ideal gas behavior over a wide range of temperatures & pressures • group has highest ionization energy, therefore strongly resist losing electrons • complete octet of electrons in highest energy level • gases at room temperature • 1st noble gas compound prepared in 1962, XeF4 • Neon, Argon, Krypton Xenon used in lighting • Helium used in balloons since less dense than air

More Related