Comenius project Scotland Webquest

1. Comenius projectScotland Webquest I.S. Galilei Benevento (Italy)

2. Class I A: Desantis - Caporaso Trainspotting Trainspotting is a 1996 film directed by Danny Boyle based on the novel Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh. The movie is about a group of heroin addicts in Edinburgh and their passage through life. It stars Ewan McGregor (as Mark Renton), Ewen Bremner (as Spud Murphy), Jonny Lee Miller (as Sick Boy), Kevin McKidd (as Tommy), Robert Carlyle (as Begbie) and Kelly Macdonald (as Dianne). Author Irvine Welsh also has a brief appearance as drug dealer Mikey Forrester.

3. Class I A: Pirozzi - Mercurio THE PROCLAIMERS Film Benny & joon

4. Class I A: Pirozzi - Mercurio The Proclaimers are a Scottish band composed of identical twins Charlie and Craig Reid. They are best known for their songs "Letter from America" and "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" which became the theme song to the film Benny & Joon, and to the charity event the Terry Fox Run, as well as a Labatt's Blue commercial.

5. Class I A: Pirozzi - Mercurio Career Formed in 1983, the Auchtermuchty pair leapt to public attention after a January 1987 appearance on UK popular music programme "The Tube" on Channel Four; "Letter From America" peaked at number 3 in the UK singles chart, while the album This is the Story went gold. The follow-up album Sunshine on Leith featured "I'm Gonna Be..." and "I'm on My Way" (later further popularised by its use in the soundtrack of the film "Shrek"). The brothers are also famous fans of Edinburgh based football club Hibernian F.C.. "Sunshine on Leith" is played at every home match and the refrain from "I'm Gonna Be..." is played when Hibernian score. They are also well known as supporters of Scottish independence and have at various stages of their lives been activists for the Scottish National Party. Many of their songs reflect their political views, such as "Letter From America" and "Cap in Hand".

6. Class I A: Pirozzi - Mercurio Discography Albums This is the Story (1987) Sunshine on Leith (1988) King of the Road (1990) [EP; appended to Sunshine on Leith when re-released in 2001] Hit the Highway (1994) Persevere (2001) The Best of The Proclaimers 1987-2002 (2002) The Best of The Proclaimers 1987-2002 (2002) [DVD] Born Innocent (2003 [UK], 2004 [US]) Finest (2004) [UK only] Restless Soul (2005)

7. Class I A: Pirozzi - Mercurio Fran�ois-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 � 30 May 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, deist and philosopher. Voltaire was known for his sharp wit, philosophical writings, and defense of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and the right to a fair trial. He was an outspoken supporter of social reform despite strict censorship laws in France and harsh penalties for those who broke them. A satirical polemicist, he frequently made use of his works to criticize Church dogma and the French institutions of his day. Voltaire is considered one of the most influential figures of his time.

8. Class IVA: De Sciscio - Ignelzi Adam Smith Adam Smith, FRSE, (baptised and probably born June 5, 1723 O.S. (June 16 N.S.) � July 17, 1790) was a Scottish political economist and moral philosopher. His Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations was one of the earliest attempts to study the historical development of industry and commerce in Europe. That work helped to create the modern academic discipline of economics and provided one of the best-known intellectual rationales for free trade, capitalism, and libertarianism.

9. Class III A: Bonelli - Sullo Charles Rennie Mackintosh

10. Class III A: Castiello - Perrella Class III A: Spitaletta - Mucci James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 � 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, born in Edinburgh. Maxwell formulated a set of equations expressing the basic laws of electricity and magnetism and developed the Maxwell distribution in the kinetic theory of gases. He was the last representative of a younger branch of the well-known Scottish family of Clerk of Penicuik. He is also credited with developing the first permanent colour photograph in 1861.

11. Class III A: Castiello - Perrella Robert Burns Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 � July 21, 1796) was a poet and a lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland, and is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is also in English and in a "light" Scots dialect which would have been accessible to a wider audience than simply Scottish people. At various times in his career, he wrote in English, and in these pieces, his political or civil commentary is often at its most blunt.

12. Class III A: Castiello - Perrella William Murdoch William Murdoch (August 21, 1754 - November 15, 1839) was a Scottish engineer and inventor. He was employed by the firm of Boulton and Watt and worked for them in Cornwall as a steam engine erector for ten years, spending most of the rest of his life in Birmingham. He was the inventor of gas lighting in the early 1790s and coined the term gasometer.

13. Class III A: Cardillo - De Ieso William Paterson Paterson, William (1745-1806), one of the principal founders of the governments of New Jersey and the United States, was brought up in the village of Princeton, where his father, a Scotch-Irish immigrant tinsmith and shopkeeper, settled when William was five years old.

14. Class III A: Cardillo - De Ieso Sir Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott was born on August 15, 1771 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Scott created and popularized historical novels in a series called the Waverley Novels. In his novels Scott arranged the plots and characters so the reader enters into the lives of both great and ordinary people caught up in violent, dramatic changes in history. Scott's work shows the influence of the 18th century enlightenment. He believed every human was basically decent regardless of class, religion, politics, or ancestry. Tolerance is a major theme in his historical works. The Waverley Novels express his belief in the need for social progress that does not reject the traditions of the past. He was the first novelist to portray peasant characters sympathetically and realistically, and was equally just to merchants, soldiers, and even kings.

15. Class I A: De Blasio - Polvere Scottish Enlightenment The Scottish Enlightenment was a period of intellectual ferment in Scotland, running from approximately 1740 to 1800.

16. Class IVA: Paradiso - De Palma Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk, born Alexander Selcraig, (1676�13 December 1721) was a Scottish sailor who spent four years as a castaway on an uninhabited island; it is probable that his travails provided the inspiration for Defoe's Robinson Crusoe.

17. Class III A: Marmorale Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 � 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. Fleming published many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1922 and isolation of the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared a Nobel Prize with Florey and Chain.

18. Class III A: Marmorale Alexander Graham Bell's Path to the Telephone Bell's Telephone A pioneer in the field of telecommunications, Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Ontario, and then to the United States, settling in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor. Throughout his life, Bell had been interested in the education of deaf people. This interest lead him to invent the microphone and, in 1876, his "electrical speech machine," which we now call a telephone. News of his invention quickly spread throughout the country, even throughout Europe. By 1878, Bell had set up the first telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1884, long distance connections were made between Boston, Massachusetts and New York City.

19. Class I A: Pirozzi - Grasso Kirkcaldy Kirkcaldy (pronounced kir-kawdy) is the largest town in Fife, Scotland. Its population as of the 2001 Census is 46,912.

20. Class I A: Pirozzi - Grasso Lang toun Kirkcaldy is known as The Lang Toun (Long Town) in Scots. The name 'The Lang Toun' derives from the proximity of these burghs and villages to Kirkcaldy and the subsequent spread of the town along the shores of the River Forth.

21. Class I A: Pirozzi - Grasso Lowlands Kirkaldy is situated in the Lowlands!!!

22. \IaIolloDalessio The Battle of Culloden The Battle of Culloden (April 16, 1746), was the final clash between the Jacobites and the Hanoverians in the 1745 Jacobite Rising. It was the last battle to be fought on mainland Britain, and brought the Jacobite cause�to restore the House of Stuart to the thrones of England and Scotland�to a decisive defeat from which it never recovered. The Jacobites�most of them Highland Scots�supported the claim of Charles Edward Stuart (aka "Bonnie Prince Charlie" or "The Young Pretender") to the throne; the British army, under the Duke of Cumberland, younger son of the Hanoverian sovereign, King George II, supported his father's cause. The aftermath of the battle was brutal and earned the victorious general the name "Butcher" Cumberland. Charles Edward Stuart eventually left Britain and went to Rome, never to attempt to take the throne again. Civil penalties were also severe. New laws dismantled the Highlanders' feudal clan system, and even highland dress was outlawed.

23. Class I A: Deblasio - Polvere Battle of Bannockburn The Battle of Bannockburn (June 23, 1314 � June 24, 1314) was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence. The Scottish victory was complete and, although full English recognition of Scottish independence was not achieved until more than ten years later, Robert Bruce's position as king was greatly strengthened by the events at Bannockburn.

24. Church of Scotland The Church of Scotland (CofS, known informally as The Kirk, Eaglais na h-Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is the national church of Scotland. It is a Presbyterian church, decisively shaped by the Scottish Reformation. The Church of Scotland traces its roots back to the beginnings of Christianity in Scotland, but its identity is principally shaped by the Scottish Reformation of 1560. Its current membership is about 12% of the Scottish population - although many more Scots and descendants of Scots in other countries claim some form of allegiance to it.

25. Class III A: Zullo - Ciardiello Dolly the sheep The sheep was originally code-named "6LL3". The name "Dolly" came from a suggestion by the stockmen who helped with her birth, in honor of Dolly Parton, because it was a mammary cell that was cloned. The technique that was made famous by her birth is somatic cell nuclear transfer, in which a cell is placed in a de-nucleated ovum, the two cells fuse and then develop into an embryo. When Dolly was cloned in 1996 from a cell taken from a six-year-old ewe, she became the center of much controversy that still exists today. On April 9, 2003 her stuffed remains were placed at Edinburgh's Royal Museum, part of the National Museums of Scullion.

26. Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 � 7 July 1930) was a Scottish author most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and the adventures of Professor Challenger. He was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, historical novels, plays and romances, poetry, and non-fiction. Conan was originally a middle name but he used it as part of his surname in his later years.

27. Class IV A: Caroscio - Iollo Sir Sandford Fleming Sir Sandford Fleming (January 7, 1827 � July 22, 1915) was a prolific Canadian engineer and inventor, known for the introduction of Universal Standard Time, Canada's first postage stamp, a huge body of surveying and map making, engineering much of the Intercolonial Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway, and a founding member of the Royal Society of Canada and founder of the Royal Canadian Institute, a science organization in Toronto.

28. Class IV A: Caroscio - Iollo Sandford Fleming was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland, and in 1845, at the age of 17, he emigrated with his older brother David to Ontario (then the colony of Upper Canada). Their route took them through much of the Canadian colonies, Quebec City, Montreal, Kingston, Ontario, finally settling in Peterborough, Ontario with their cousins.

29. Class III A: Vicario - D'Alessio - Lombardi Alexander Bain Alexander Bain (June 11, 1818 � September 18, 1903) was a Scottish philosopher and educationalist. He was born in Aberdeen, and went to school there, but took up the profession of a weaver, hence the punning description of him as Weevir, rex philosophorum. In 1836 he entered Marischal College, and came under the influence of John Cruickshank, professor of mathematics, Thomas Clark, professor of chemistry, and William Knight, professor of natural philosophy. His college career was distinguished, especially in mental philosophy, mathematics and physics. Towards the end of his arts course he became a contributor to the Westminster Review (first article "Electrotype and Daguerreotype," September 1840).

30. Class III A: Votino - Iachetta James Dewar Sir James Dewar (September 20, 1842 � March 27, 1923) was a Scottish chemist and physicist. He developed a chemical formula for benzene and performed extensive work in spectroscopy for more than 25 years. In 1891 he discovered a process to produce liquid oxygen in industrial quantities. He developed an insulating bottle, Dewar flask, still named after him, to study low temperature gas phenomena. He also used this bottle to transport liquid gases like hydrogen 1898. In 1905 he observed that cold charcoal could produce a vacuum. This technique was quite useful for experiments in atomic physics. He is credited as the inventor of the vacuum flask.

31. Class IIIA: Zito - Iadanza KirkPatrick Macmillan Kirkpatrick Macmillan (* 2 September 1812 in Keir, Dumfries and Galloway; � 26 January 1878 in Keir) was a Scottish blacksmith who was given credit for inventing the rear-wheel driven bicycle in a bizarre campaign by a relative, a rich corn trader and tricyclist named James Johnston in the 1890s. MacMillan lived in Glasgow and worked at the Vulcan Foundry during the relevant period around 1840, not at the family smithy Courthill.

32. Class IIIA: Zito - Iadanza James Chalmers James Chalmers (1782 Arbroath, Angus - May 26, 1853) was a Scottish inventor who introduced the adhesive postage stamp and uniform postage rate. Initially a weaver, he moved to Dundee in 1809 and established himself there as a bookseller, printer and newspaper publisher on Castle Street. Later he served as a Burgh Councillor and became Convener of the Nine Incorporated Trades. As such, he was described as a slayer of the "dragons which retard progress", battling repeatedly in the cause of Burgh Reform, and fighting for the repeal of taxes on newspapers and newspaper advertisements, and the removal of the excise duty on paper. [citation needed] His most burning enthusiasm, however, was postal reform, and from 1825 he campaigned the authorities to speed up the mail between Edinburgh and London by convincing them that this could be done without extra cost. After several years he managed to induce a time saving of nearly a day in each direction.

33. Class IV A: Abate Calicchio Fazzini Italian Immigration to Scotland It is believed that the first Italians to reach the Scottish shores were the Romans, in and around 50AD, but once dispatched back to Empire HQ it wasn't until the mid 18th century that the next batch began to arrive in numbers, most of them artists, musicians and merchants. There even is an accredited -Scots/Italian style of music from this period, one of the most famous protagonists being James Oswald (1710-1769) appointed court composer to George III in 1761. Some Italian musicians of the time such as Domenico Corri and Francesco Barsanti who complete with all the formal training came to Scotland and excelled.

34. Class IV A: Abate Calicchio Fazzini Scotland (Caledonia) was the Roman Empire's furthest flung outpost yet it was never fully conquered. Agricola, the Roman governor of Britannia managed to secure much of the south in AD83 though encountered stiff opposition from the Caledonian Tribes and the equally unforgiving landscape and conditions. Indeed it was Calgacus, the leader of the Ancient Picts of Caledonia in light of the Roman presence who� announced 'We are the last people on earth, the last to be free." In 84AD an estimated 10,000 Caledonians were lain to the sword in the Battle of Mons Graupius at Bennachie by the marching Roman Army and Cavalry, who relied on tactics and cunning to win, they needed to, they were outnumbered four to one.�

35. Class IVA: Gagliardi - Gagliarde Italians in Scotland: a story Domenic Rizza arrived in Scotland in 1907, eventually taking over the Clifton Road shop which had been converted from a butcher's shop into a cafe by Luigi Zaccharini. Dom soon became one of Lossie's favourite characters, dispensing with a quiet smile excellent ice cream in summer and hot drinks in winter. Oxo with lashings of pepper was a particular favourite in the thirties, and generations of boys listened to Raymond Glendenning broadcasting commentaries of the Scotland V England internationals on Dom's radio in the back room. Dom was later to arrange for his younger brother Gelsomino, Jimmy Rizza, to join him in Scotland.

36. Class III A: Zito - Iadanza It was Italian immigrants who introduced ice-cream to the British as a street food and who created the thriving take-away culture that still survives in cities such as Glasgow. Visser explains that Italians had introduced the idea to Britain by 1850 at the latest, when Carlo Gatti was peddling ice cream to Londoners from a painted cart. He was so successful that he and others brought many more Italians over to join them.

37. HOGMANAY Hogmanay (pronounced with the main stress on the last syllable - hog-muh-NAY) is the Scots word for the last day of the year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year in the Scottish manner. Its official date is the 31 December. However this is normally only the start of a celebration which lasts through the night until the morning of the 1 January or, in many cases, 2 January.

38. Class IV A: Baccari - Angelone Thomas Carlyle Thomas Carlyle (December 4, 1795 � February 5, 1881) was a Scottish essayist, satirist, and historian, whose work was hugely influential during the Victorian era. Coming from a strictly Calvinist family, Carlyle was expected by his parents to become a preacher. However, while at the University of Edinburgh he lost his Christian faith. Nevertheless Calvinist values remained with him throughout his life. This combination of a religious temperament with loss of faith in traditional Christianity made Carlyle's work appealing to many Victorians who were grappling with scientific and political changes that threatened the traditional social order.

39. Class IV A: Baccari - Angelone Gordon Brown From 1983 to 2005 he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Dunfermline East in Fife, and following a reorganisation of parliamentary constituencies in Scotland he is now MP for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath. Dr James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom and a Labour Party politician.

40. Class IV A: Baccari - Angelone Brown has headed HM Treasury since May 1997, making him the longest continuously serving Chancellor since Nicholas Vansittart (1812-1823). He is regarded as the second most powerful member of the current British government after Tony Blair, and is expected to be elected the next leader of the Labour Party replacing Blair and becoming Prime Minister, before the end of 2007. Brown has strongly supported a number of aspects of US foreign policy, notably by voting for the invasions of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003.

41. Class IVA: Paradiso - De Palma Dougray Scott Dougray Scott (born Stephen Scott on November 25, 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor. Sometimes Scott is referred to as "Young Sean Connery", and a similarity in acting style is also noted between Scott and the late Steve McQueen.

42. Class IVA: Paradiso - De Palma Originally from Glenrothes, Fife, Scott enroled on a foundation course in drama and then went on to attend the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama in Cardiff (1984-87), whose former students include Sir Anthony Hopkins. Whilst studying there he the college's 1987 Most Promising Drama Student award. After graduating from college Scott began his acting career in regional theatre and making television appearances and first found fame on the television series Soldier Soldier. His film career was launched by the Welsh-set Twin Town. After this, he played Prince Henry in Ever After and the hero in the adaptation of Robert Harris' novel Enigma. In 1998, he signed to play the villain in the film Mission: Impossible II but was also due to play Wolverine in the big screen version of X-Men. When Mission Impossible II went over schedule Scott was replaced in the latter film, by Hugh Jackman. He recently appeared in the NBC series Heist which is now cancelled. In 2006, he appeared in the miniseries The Ten Commandments as Moses.

43. Class IV A: Limata Minicozzi Sharleen Spiteri Sharleen Spiteri (born 7 November 1967 in Glasgow) is a Scottish singer. She fronts the band Texas. Her father is Maltese of Italian descent and she grew up in Balloch near Loch Lomond. Spiteri worked as a hairdresser before finding success with the band in 1986. She separated from her partner Ashley Heath, a magazine executive, in the second half of 2004. The couple have a daughter, Misty Kyd, born on September 10, 2002 This prompted her close friend Thierry Henry to dedicate a goal to her daughter by lifting his shirt to reveal the slogan "For the new born Kyd." in an infamous incident later that day.

44. Class IV A: Limata Minicozzi Spiteri landed the part of a detective opposite Edward Furlong in the thriller Three Blind Mice, but backed out due to pregnancy. She also got a part in Moulin Rouge! starring Nicole Kidman and Ewan McGregor, but she told Jonathan Ross on his show on November 4, 2005 that she declined because she did not want to move to Australia for a year.

45. Class IA: Cecere - Marco Pirozzi Cranachan Cranachan is a traditional Scottish dessert. Nowadays it is usually made from a mixture of whipped cream, whisky, honey, and fresh raspberries topped with toasted oatmeal. Earlier recipes for cranachan or cream-crowdie are more austere, omitting the whisky and treating the fruit as an optional extra. Modern recipes have a high double cream content, while originally this was replaced wholly or in part by crowdie cheese. A traditional way to serve cranachan is to bring dishes of each ingredient to the table, so that each person can assemble their dessert to taste. Tall glasses are also a typical presentation.

46. Class IA: Cecere - Marco Pirozzi Shortbread Shortbread is a type of biscuit (cookie) which is traditionally made from one part white sugar, two parts butter, and three parts plain white flour, although other ingredients like ground rice or cornflour are sometimes added to alter the texture.

47. Class IA: Cecere - Marco Pirozzi Stovies Stovies are a traditional Scottish dish, similar to corned beef hash. Recipes and ingredients vary widely between regions, and even families, but the dish usually consists of tatties (potatoes) and onions and some form of cold meat (especially corned beef, sausages or leftover roast.) The potatoes are cooked by stewing with fat and a little water, stove being the old Scots word for stewing. A regional variation is to serve the stovies with oatcakes