An Emerging World Power 1890-1917 Chapter 18

1. An Emerging World Power 1890-1917Chapter 18 How did the United States become a global power?

2. Standards • Standard - SSUSH14 Description: The student will explain America's evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century.a.  Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast.b.  Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in the Philippines, and the debate over American expansionism.c.  Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrineand the creation of the Panama Canal.

3. The Roots of ImperialismSection 1 • “How and why did the United States take a more active role in world affairs?” • Vocabulary: imperialism Frederick J. Turner extractive economy Matthew Perry Alfred T. Mahan Social Darwinism Queen Liliuokalani

4. The Roots of Imperialism The Causes of Imperialism Main Idea: The United States became one of many nations interested in expanding control around the world in order to increase their wealth. America’s First Steps Toward World Power Main Idea: America developed trade with the previously closed-off Japan, purchased Alaska, and established trade, highways, and other investments in Latin America. The United States Acquires Hawaii Main Idea: After long-term debate between American planters and Hawaiian natives, Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.

5. Imperialism • Policy by a stronger nation to extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories • Extracted economies: removed raw materials from the colony and shipped them to the home country

6. Pressures for Expansion • 1. Overproduction of food and goods; business and farmers needed new markets • 3. To spread democracy • 4. To spread Christianity • 5. Social Darwinism

7. Reasons for Imperialism • 1. Economic factors: countries needed natural resources such as rubber and petroleum and new markets for manufactured goods due to overproduction • 2. Nationalist factors: competition among nations for empires resulted from nationalism • 3. Military factors: advances in technology and the need for military bases for fuel and supplies • 4. Humanitarian factors: spread Western civilization, including law, medicine, and Christian religion

8. Time Line • 1796: Washington said, “ steer clear of permanent alliances” • 1853: Commodore Matthew C. Perry opened Japan to trade • 1866: 50,000 American soldiers sent to Mexico to stop French from placing an emperor on the throne • 1867: Seward bought Alaska from Russia • 1867: annexed Midway Islands

9. Matthew C. Perry in Japan 1853

10. U. S. Foreign Affairs • Began trade with China in 1860s • Treaty with Hawaii 1870s to sell sugar to the U.S. duty-free • 1913 Minor C. Keith of United Fruit Company dominated the governments of Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras; known as “banana republics” • Growth of U.S. Navy: Alfred T. Mahanwrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660-1783; stated that economy needed markets abroad; by 1900 the U.S. had a powerful navy

11. U. S. Navy

12. Security: Naval Power • Naval Act 1890: construct battleships, gunboats, torpedo boats, and cruisers • Great White Fleet – one of the most powerful navies in the world

13. United States and Imperialism • Promote economic growth: expand markets for sale of overproduction of goods • Protect American security; Large Navy and need for Pacific bases • Preserve American spirit; social Darwinism

14. Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING

15. Causes of Imperialism QUICK STUDY Quick Study: Causes of Imperialism

16. American Imperialism TRANSPARENCY Transparency: American Imperialism

17. The Spanish-American WarSection 2 • “What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War?” • Vocabulary: José Martí George Dewey Emilio Aguinaldo Rough Riders Yellow Press Treaty of Paris William Randolph Hearst jingoism

18. The Spanish-American War Sec 2: The Spanish-American War Causes of the War Main Idea: When Cuba rebelled against Spanish rulers, the United States sympathized with Cuba. The press heightened the desire for war, and when the U.S. battleship the Maine exploded in Havana harbor, America declared war on Spain. American Troops Battle the Spanish Main Idea: American troops were successful in battling the Spanish in Cuba and other Spanish territories, including Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Effects of the War Main Idea: When the war ended, the United States took over land previously controlled by Spain. This caused debate among Americans, but ultimately gave the U.S. new stature in world affairs. Continued…

19. Key Words • Spheres of Influence: areas of economic and political control in China • Open Door Policy: American approach to China, favoring open trade relations between China andothers • Arbitration: settlement of a dispute by a person chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision • Jingoism: intense burst of national pride and desire for an aggressive foreign policy

20. U.S. Involvement in Latin America • Chile: forced Chile to pay money to families of slain U.S. sailors • Brazil: navy put down rebellion to protect U.S. business interests • In a dispute between Britain and Venezuela, the U.S. forced them to go to arbitration to settle the dispute over territory between Venezuela and British Guiana

21. Cuban Rebellion • 1895 Cuba rebelled against Spain • 150,000 troops under General Valeriano Weyler, “The Butcher” sent to stop • Concentration Camps

22. U. S. Position • Cuban rebels attacked sugar plantations to get U.S. help • American newspapers used “yellow journalism” to get U. S. support for Cuba

23. William Randolph Hearst

24. Joseph Pulitzer

25. New York Journal Sales CHART Chart: New York Journal Sales

26. De Lôme Letter • Letter written by ambassador to Washington, Dupuy de Lôme, describing President McKinley as “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd” • U. S. citizens were angry

27. U.S.S. Maine • U.S. battleship U.S.S. Maineand sank in Havana Harbor • Americans believed that Spain had blown up the ship • (Ships boiler blew up) • Pressure to declare war

28. U.S.S. Maine

29. Causes of War • 1. Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine“Remember the Maine • 2. Yellow journalism • 3. The de Lôma Letter • 4. Sympathy for the Cubans

30. Admiral George Dewey attacked the Spanish Pacific Fleet in Manila Bay, Philippines Spanish fleet sunk U.S. controlled the area Battles

31. Emilio Aguinaldo • Filipino leader who helped the U.S. contain Spanish troops, hoping for independence • U.S. did not grant independence until 1946

32. Battle in Cuba • Navy attacked the Spanish Atlantic Fleet in Santiago, Cuba, sinking the ships • Land war: Rough Riders, under Theodore Roosevelt charged up San Juan Hill • “A splendid little war”

33. Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill TRANSPARENCY Transparency: Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill

34. Causes of American Deaths in the Spanish-American War CHART Chart: Causes of American Deaths in the Spanish-American War

35. Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects

36. Treaty of Paris 1898 • Cuba gains independence • U.S. gains Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam • U.S. paid Spain $20 million

37. Results of War • Fought Aguinaldo for three years • Teller Amendment promised that the U.S. would not annex Cuba • Constitution of Cuba 1900

38. Platt Amendment • Cuban government could not enter foreign agreements • Had to give the U.S. two bases (Guantanamo Bay) • U.S. had right to intervene

39. Puerto Rico • No independence • People given citizenship in 1917 • May vote on statehood again in a few years

40. Pacific • Hawaii: leased Pearl Harbor -Queen Liliuokalani: Dole removed in 1893 -Annexed in 1898 • Samoa: Divided islands with Germany; got Pago Pago

41. China • Vast market • Sphere of Influence • John Hay developed “Open Door Policy” • “Boxer” Rebellion 1910 rebellion against foreigners

42. The United States and East AsiaSection 3 • “How did the United States extend its influence in Asia?” • Vocabulary: insurrection Open Door Policy guerrilla warfare John Hay Russo-Japanese War Boxer Rebellion William Howard Taft Great White Fleet ”Gentlemen’s Agreement” sphere of influence

43. The United States and East Asia Filipinos Rebel Against U.S. Rule Main Idea: Filipinos were angry that the United States did not grant them independence after the Spanish-American War and rebelled. The Americans fought the rebels, but eventually the Philippines became independent. The United States Pursues an Interest in China Main Idea: The United States tried to establish a system of fair trade in China, so that they could have as much access to goods as European powers. Tensions Rise Between America and Japan Main Idea: Asian prejudice in America and resentment of western interference in Japan led to growing conflict between the two regions in the early 1900s.

44. Key Words • Concession: grant for a piece of land in exchange for a promise to use the land for a specific purpose • Dollar diplomacy: encourage investment abroad

45. Key Words • Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: extension of a previously accepted idea 1. Not use the Monroe Doctrine for territorial aggression 2. U.S. intervene to prevent intervention from other powers • Racism: belief that differences in character or intelligence are due to one’s race

46. William McKinley • Reelected in 1900 • Assassinated in 1901 • Vice President Theodore Roosevelt becomes president

47. Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy • U.S. a world power • Intervenes in the affairs of countries that were of economic and strategic interest • Spanish-American shows the need for a shorter route between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

48. The Panama Canal

49. Panama Canal • Isthmus of Panama: belonged to Columbia • Ferdinand de Lesseps bought a concession in 1879 to build a canal. • After 10 years, the company abandoned the project. • Congress passed the Spooner Act in 1902, authorizing the purchase of the French assets for $40 million. • Colombia would not negotiate with the U.S.

50. Lease • Roosevelt indicated that the U.S. would not interfere if the French company organized a Panamanian revolt against Colombia. • In November, 1903 a revolt broke out with U.S. warships offshore to provide support for the rebels. • The U.S. recognized Panama as an independent country and ratified the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treatyin 1904. • The treaty gave the U.S. a grant of a 10-mile-wide strip for a Canal Zone for $10 million.