Treaty of Paris 1763

1. Treaty of Paris 1763 • French canadians Felt that they were betrayed as they had to give up New France. • French Canadians were only left with a few islands, although they were still allowed to practice their religions. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02R4nxG7t8U

2. Quebec Act of 1774 • This act passed by the British parliament, was Canada’s first constitution. • The Quebec Act of 1774 protected the rights of French Canadians, which allowed them to feel confident enough of their rights being protected to join confederation.

3. The Canadian Flag The Fleur De Lys French and English Relations 1950’s-1960’s Harry, Caitlyn, Hamza, Amrit

4. Maurice Duplessis(1936-39) (1944-59) • Was the leader of the Union Nationale, a Quebec political party • Enacted the Padlock law, which outlawed communist propaganda, and communist meetings. • As the head of the Union Nationale, he was heavily supported by the Roman Catholic Church, which was the major church in Quebec.When he was in power • www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1sSzEBmRYw

5. The Great Darkness • Duplessis’ regime when he was the leader of Quebec was known as The Great Darkness. • During his reign, he abused his rights to spite the federal government. • Duplessis discouraged or even outright banned unions in order to attract foreign investment since workers had little to no rights. • He wanted Quebec to be a nation • His government was fraught with corruption • One of his worst atrocities was when he pronounced thousands of orphans as mentally insane to send them to asylums because asylums were federally funded.

6. Jean Lesage • Jean Lesage was the Liberal leader in Quebec • The liberal’s motto was “Time for change” • When he was elected in 1960, he began the “quiet revolution” • Lesage stopped the corruption in government, awarded positions according to who earned them, raised wages and pensions, and lifted restrictions on unions. • Under Lesage the economy, politics, education and culture. • Science and technology courses, which were previously discouraged under Duplessis were now mandatory • Roman Catholic Church’s importance declined a lot.

7. In the 1962 elections, The liberals won with the slogan “maîtres chez nous” which meant masters in our own house. • The aim of this was to strengthen Quebec’s control of it’s economy, such as the purchasing of several hydro companies which combined to form Hydro-Québec.

8. Separatism • The belief that Quebec should separate from Canada grew in the 1960’s and 70’s. • Francophones (French speakers) were upset that they had to speak English while working. • Anglophones(English speakers) also had schools that taught them in English in Quebec, yet French schools were only in Quebec. • These thoughts gave birth to a terrorist group the “FLQ”(front de Liberation du Quebec” that went as far as bombing mailboxes and symbols of English-Canadian power on Quebec. • In 1968, René Lévesque formed the Parti Québécois whos aim was to “divorce” from Canada.

9. Response to Seperatism • When Lester Pearson was in power he formed the Royal Commission in Bilingualism and Biculturalism (the “Bi and Bi Commission) • The goal of the Commission was to figure out how to make Quebec feel more at home in Canada so that they wouldn’t separate. • The “Bi and Bi Commission” recommended that Canada would become bilingual, with both French and English as it’s official Languages. • This suggestion was later realized by Pierre Trudeau as the Official Languages Act in 1969 The “Bi and Bi Commission”

10. The Flag Debate • Until 1965, the Canadian Flag was the Red Ensign, which many Canadians believed was too British. • English Canadians wanted to keep the Red Ensign (for obvious reasons) but French Canadians wanted a new flag. • One February 15th, 1965, the Maple Leaf flag was flown on Parliament Hill. • Ironically, English Canadians regard the flag with pride, while French Canadians continue to raise the “Fleur de Lys”