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Minerals

Minerals. Minerals. Minerals are naturally occurring, solid, crystalline, inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition. Minerals. Minerals might be made of one element, such as: Gold Silver Copper Diamond. Minerals.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals

  2. Minerals • Minerals are naturally occurring, solid, crystalline, inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition.

  3. Minerals • Minerals might be made of one element, such as: • Gold • Silver • Copper • Diamond

  4. Minerals • …but most minerals are made of more than one element combined together: • Ruby = Al2O3 + Cr • Emerald = Be3Al2(SiO3)6 • Feldspar = KAlSi3O8 – NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8 • Sapphire = Al2O3 + V, Ti, or Fe (for purple, white, or yellow/green) • Halite = NaCl

  5. Minerals • Most minerals end in the word “ite” to identify it as a mineral. • Malechite • Hematite • Magnetite • Pyrite • Halite • Graphite • Wolframite

  6. Minerals • There are about 3700 different types of minerals on the earth that we know of, and about 100 new minerals are discovered each year.

  7. Minerals • The most common minerals on earth are: • Quartz (most common on Earth’s surface) • Feldspar (most common, in crust, but is a combination of several different types of minerals.) • Olivine (Most common in the mantle)

  8. Minerals • The most rare minerals in the Earth are: • PAINITE (18 exist) • SERENDIBITE • POUDRETTEITE • GRANDIDIERITE • JEREMEJEVITE • RED BERYL • TAAFFEITE • BENITOITE

  9. Mineral properties • Minerals are identified by the properties that they have. • Just like each element has it’s own set of properties that help identify it, each mineral has it’s own properties.

  10. Minerals - properties • Luster tells how well a mineral reflects light. • A minerals luster might be: • Metallic (shiny like a metal) • Nonmetallic (not very shiny) • Waxy • Vitreous (glassy) • Pearly • Oily • Adamantine (brilliant like diamond)

  11. Minerals - properties • Hardness describes how hard it is to scratch the mineral. • The Moh’s hardness scale is used to find the hardness of a mineral.

  12. Minerals - properties • Cleavage describes how the mineral breaks. (Does it break along certain planes?)

  13. Minerals - properties • Color is important in identifying most minerals. Ruby Sapphire

  14. Minerals - properties • But color can be deceptive

  15. Minerals - properties • Streak is the color that the mineral is when it is a powder. • A streak plate is used to find a minerals streak color.

  16. Minerals - properties • Other properties that might be used to identify minerals include: • Magnetism (tiny bits of magnetite in migrating birds) • Reaction with certain chemicals • Smell • Taste • Flourescence • Crystal structure

  17. Minerals  Rocks • Minerals combine to form rocks • Mineral + mineral = rock

  18. Rocks • Rocks don’t have a definite chemical composition like minerals do because they’re made of lots of “pieces” of different minerals all hooked together.

  19. Rocks • There are 3 main types of rocks: • Sedimentary • Igneous • Metamorphic

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