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Geography

Geography. Europe in 1400. Geography of Europe in 1400. From 1300-1400 states consolidated their holdings = fewer small states Major states at this time : England Union of Kalmar = Norway, Sweden, Denmark Scotland Poland-Lithuania Portugal Bohemia France Hungary

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Geography

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  1. Geography

  2. Europe in 1400

  3. Geography of Europe in 1400 From 1300-1400 states consolidated their holdings = fewer small states Major states at this time: England Union of Kalmar = Norway, Sweden, Denmark Scotland Poland-Lithuania Portugal Bohemia France Hungary Austria Wallachia (= Romania today) Ottoman Empire Do not yet exist as we know them today: Spain, Italy, Germay = still not united Russia = still under Mongol Yoke (1237-1480)

  4. Crises of the 14th Century

  5. (1) Great Famine (1315-1322)

  6. price inflation In 1315 the price of wheat rose 800% 3 cookies cost $1.25. With 800% inflation  $10! In 1303 and 1306-1307, the Baltic Sea froze! Causes • terrible weather

  7. Crisis #1 • THE BLACK DEATH

  8. WHAT WAS THE BLACK DEATH? • Deadly plague that spread across Europe from 1346-1352 • Caused by bacteria • Symptoms: • Attacks the lungs • Appears in the bloodstream • Caused buboes on the body

  9. How did it spread? • Guesses? • Originated in Mongolia • How could it get to Europe? • Silk Road! • Bacteria carried by fleas on rats • Italian merchant ships brought rats

  10. The Culprits

  11. The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. bubonic = spread by flea pneumonic = spread human-human Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.

  12. How did the black plague change life in Europe? • Killed 1/3 of the population • Trade declined • Peasants revolted and wanted more freedom • Reduced the power of feudal lords • Church was weakened

  13. Consequences – Social • pogroms against Jews • merchants endow hospitals • migration • clergy care for sick The burning of Jews in 1349

  14.  unemployment craft guilds take new members inflation  productivity, wages, & standard of living Wage Increase PLabor S1 S P2 P1 D Q2 Q1 QLabor Consequences – Economic

  15. Consequences – Psychological/Cultural • pessimism • art & lit – theme of death • flagellants • new colleges & universities – more localized • culturally Europe becomes more divided Dance Macabre (Hans Holbein)

  16. Black Plague – hollaback girl • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

  17. CRISIS #2 • THE GREAT SCHISM • What is a “schism”? • split • What do you think split? • What are the 2 things we’ve recently discussed have weakened the power of the pope. • Crusades • Black Plague

  18. Three Practices that Weakened the Church • Many village priests ____________. • Bishops sold ___________. This called simony. • Kings were appointing ___________. married positions bishops

  19. The Great Schism – Crisis #2 • French pope elected A. Capital moved from Italy to France (weakened the church) • French pope dies; people want an Italian pope • Italian pope is chosen; people later regret decision

  20. The great schism • Another French pope is elected  A. There are TWO popes (Great Schism)! • Resolution: a THIRD pope • Final resolution: council forces all three popes to resign • Picked a new pope  greatly weakened papacy

  21. 4 line rap on great schism • You and a partner come up with at least a 4 line rap/poem on the Great Schism

  22. Before we get to crisis #3… • After Charlemagne passed away, did an emperor have control over Europe? • Lords had power • Because towns were growing, government was starting to develop • What do you think the first two countries to develop out of Western Europe • England and France

  23. Quick history of England • England was founded by the Angles • “Land of the Angles” • A non-Anglo, William the Conqueror invades England in 1066. • Juries are introduced by Henry II (1154-1189) in English courts • John (1199-1216) agrees to the Magna Cartain 1215. • Limited the king’s power • Gave rights to the people • Edward I (1272-1307) calls the Model Parliament in 1295.

  24. Quick history of france • Hugh Capet increases the territory of France. • Phillip II wanted to make a strong government • Established bailiffs to preside over courts and collect taxes • Louis IX (1226-1270) creates a French appeals court. • Royal court could overturn local courts • Philip IV (1285-1314) adds Third Estate (commoners) to Estates General • Commoners were now part of the law making process

  25. Crisis #3: The Hundred Years’ War Who do you think it was between?

  26. Leading to the war… • The last Capetian king left no heir in France. • Only his grandson, Edward III • However Edward III, was the king of England • Lasted from 1337-1453 (116 years)

  27. Effects of hundred years war • Feelings of nationalism in both countries • Pride in fighting for king/country • Frenchmonarch gains power • England – war of the Roses • Some think this is the end of the Middle Ages • Feudalism and religion had died

  28. Hundred years war Class wordle • You and a partner, come up with a word that is important to the Hundred Years War • We are going to make a Wordle

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