1 / 36

Grammar support

Grammar support. PGCE - October 2011 Punctuation Word classes Richard Cole. Punctuation. In pairs, name punctuation marks Which 4 or 5 are first to be experienced in Primary schools?. Punctuation. In pairs, name punctuation marks Which 4 or 5 are Primary?.

sheera
Download Presentation

Grammar support

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Grammar support PGCE - October 2011 Punctuation Word classes Richard Cole

  2. Punctuation • In pairs, name punctuation marks • Which 4 or 5 are first to be experienced in Primary schools?

  3. Punctuation • In pairs, name punctuation marks • Which 4 or 5 are Primary? • Capital letter - full stop - comma • Question mark - exclamation mark - speech marks • Colon - semi-colon - hyphen - ellipses…

  4. The Iron Man by Ted Hughes The Iron Man came to the top of the cliff. How far had he walked? Nobody knows. Where had he come from? Nobody knows. How was he made? Nobody knows. Taller than a house, the Iron man stood at the top of the cliff, on the very brink, in the darkness.

  5. The Iron Man by Ted Hughes The wind sang through his iron fingers. His great iron head, shaped like a dustbin but as big as a bedroom, slowly turned to the right, slowly turned to the left. His iron ears turned this way, that way. He was hearing the sea. Never before had the Iron Man seen the sea.

  6. Boring sentences • he went up the hill

  7. Word classes relax

  8. Nouns • Proper • Common • Abstract

  9. Adjectives • Qualitative • Classifying • Grading • Comparison

  10. Verbs • Main verbs • Transitive • Intransitive • Linking • Auxiliary • Irregular

  11. Adverbs • Adjective phrase • Adverb phrase • Adjuncts: place - manner

  12. Pronouns • Personal • Possessive • Reflexive • Demonstrative • Indefinite • Interrogative • Relative

  13. Determiner • All, both • Half, two-thirds • Such • A, an, the • This, that, these, those • My, our, your, his, her, its • Some, any, no • Two, three • Third, seventh • Other, last, next • Many, few, little, much

  14. Prepositions • Before a noun • Before a pronoun • Before an adjective(used as a noun) • Before a noun phrase • Before a clause

  15. Sentences • Compound • Complex • Simple

  16. What is a sentence? • A sentence is a group of words that make sense because they contain a subject and a finite verb. • What is a subject? • Ask “who” or “what” in front of the verb: • Eg Staff work weekends. Practice makes perfect. • What is a finite verb? • A finite verb is a verb that has a subject. Welaughed. Itrained. Friendsare invaluable. Iam sick. JackandJillwent up the hill. Where is the party? [You] Listen to me! How easy thisis!

  17. Challenge • Rewrite this sign. Make it mean the opposite by changing only the punctuation marks. DANGER. NO SWIMMING ALLOWED.

  18. Solution DANGER? NO. SWIMMING ALLOWED!

  19. Try to read this story without stopping • Once upon a time there was a boy called Jack who lived with his mother who worked very hard but still she was very poor even though they had a large brown cow.

  20. A sentence is a group of words that make sense because they contain a subject and a finite verb. What is a subject? Ask “who” or “what” in front of the verb: Eg Staff work weekends. Practice makes perfect. What is a finite verb? A finite verb is a verb that has a subject. Which of the following underlined verbs does not have a subject. Eg You haveto believe it. I wantedto dance. He mustgo. What is a sentence?

  21. A sentence is a group of words that make sense because they contain a subject and a finite verb. What is a subject? Ask “who” or “what” in front of the verb: Eg Staff work weekends. Practice makes perfect. What is a finite verb? A finite verb is a verb that has a subject. Which of the following underlined verbs does not have a subject. Eg You haveto believe it. I wantedto dance. He mustgo. What is a sentence?

  22. Declarative – statement Warmth encourages plants to grow. Interrogative – question Why do plants start to grow in the spring? Imperative – command Watch the squirrels up in the branches. Exclamative How attractive the spring flowers are! There are FOUR different kinds of sentence

  23. A sentence is a group of words that make sense because they contain a subject and a finite verb. Sentences Welaughed. Itrained. Friendsare invaluable. Iam sick. JackandJillwent up the hill. Where is the party? [You] Listen to me! How easy thisis! Quiz Section 1 • The swing broke. • They left. • He was a brilliant actor. • Where are the others? • Write it down. t down. Note! In the command, the subject is “understood” and written here in square brackets.

  24. Quiz Section 1 The Answers • The swingbroke. • Theyleft. • Hewas a brilliant actor. • Where arethe others? • [You]Write it down.

  25. All sentences have a subject. Some sentences have objects or indirect objects Subjects & Objects Thecat killed the rat. We lost our dog. Vandals destroyed the bus shelter. BurtandI drank a whole bottle of whisky. FrankWedekind initiated the German Expressionist movement. Hegave the book to me. Weare runningout of food. • They ran into the road. • Mike and I had dinner. • We listened to the music. • The company builds sheds. • She told us a wonderful tale. Note! Indirect objects nearly always start with a preposition – a short word which denotes place.

  26. Quiz Section 2 The Answers • Theyraninto the road. • Mike and Ihaddinner. • Welistenedto the music. • The companybuilds sheds. • She toldusa wonderful tale

  27. The FULL STOP • ‘Mr Smith is too much concerned with verbs, adverbs, commas and full stops. Many of the local teachers I have heard of don’t know much about them either. If the final results of their teaching means anything.’ (Southampton Advertiser)

  28. The COMMA • Between a list of three or more words: (Up, down, left and right.) • Before a conjunction: • When but or for are used: I did my best to protect the camp, but the bears were too aggressive. • When and or or are used the comma is optional: The flag is red, white, and blue. The sizes are small, medium or large.

  29. The COMMA(to give additional information) • To indicate contrast: The snake was brown, not green, and it was quite small. • Where the phrase could be in brackets The recipe, which we hadn’t tried before, is very easy to follow. • Where the phrase adds relevant information: Mr Hardy, 68, ran his first marathon five years ago. • Where the addition is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence: Mr Hardy, who enjoys bird-watching, ran his first marathon five years ago. • Where the main clause of the sentence is dependant on the preceding clause: If at first you don’t succeed, give up. Though the snake was small, I still feared for my life.

  30. Add full stops,question marks, exclamation marks and capital letters where necessary • the north will be sunny the south will have some rain • how did tom get on he came first • get out call 999 the fire is too big now • this is the best book it’s about sport there are chapters on football cricket and tennis

  31. Colon or semicolon? • To err is human to blame it on the other party is politics. • This is Wednesday we meet on Friday. • I feel angry do I look angry?

  32. The COLON • Before a list, summary or quote • I could only find three of the ingredients: sugar, flour and coconut • To summarise: we found the camp, set up our tent and then the bears attacked • As Jane Austen wrote: it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. • To complete a statement of fact (used in place of ‘the following’ or ‘thus’ • There are only three kinds of people: the good, the bad and the ugly.

  33. The SEMI-COLON • To link two separate sentences that are closely related • The children came home today; they had been away for a week. • In a list that already contains commas • Star Trek, created by Gene Rodenberry; Babylon 5, by JMS; Buffy, by Joss Whedon; and Farscape, from the Henson Company.

  34. The APOSTROPHE(to indicate possession) • With nouns (plural and singular) not ending in s add ’s • The Children’s books, the people’s parliament. A mother’s pride • With plural nouns ending in s, add only the apostrophe • The guards’ duties, the Nuns’ habits, the Joneses’ house

  35. The APOSTROPHE(to indicate possession) • With singular nouns ending in an s you can add either ’s or an apostrophe alone • The witness’s lie or the witness’ lie (be consistent) • Exception: ancient or religious names. Jesus’ strength, Achilles’ heel • For common possession, only add ’s to the last name. • Janet and Jane’s house • Where possession is not common, add to each • Janet’s and Jane’s homes. Pronouns: with the exception one’s, pronouns (its, his, hers) do not require an apostrophe.

  36. The APOSTROPHE(to indicate contractions) • Where letters or numbers have been omitted. • The class of ’07, the house wasn’t at it’s best, that isn’t the right way, it’s not bad • http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/englishB13.htm

More Related