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Classification and Taxonomy

Classification and Taxonomy. NOTES!. MOUNTAIN LION? PUMA? COUGAR? PANTHER?. Classification:. grouping of ORGANISMS based on SIMILARITIES. Tiger, Asiatic lion, Leopard, and Snow Leopard – All members of the genus Panthera. Aristotle, 600 BC. Designed first classification system.

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Classification and Taxonomy

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  1. Classification and Taxonomy NOTES!

  2. MOUNTAIN LION? PUMA? COUGAR? PANTHER?

  3. Classification: grouping of ORGANISMS based on SIMILARITIES Tiger, Asiatic lion, Leopard, and Snow Leopard – All members of the genus Panthera.

  4. Aristotle, 600 BC • Designed first classification system. • 2 Kingdoms: • Plant • Animal.

  5. Aristotle’s – based on habitat and physical characteristics

  6. Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) “Father of Taxonomy.” His system still used as basis for today. Still had only 2 Kingdoms: Plant and Animal.

  7. Linnaen system - based on the morphologyof organisms = body form and structure • showed relationships among organisms • reflected evolutionary relationships among organisms

  8. Linnaeus also… • Created BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • A 2-word Latin naming system still used today. BI = two NOMIAL = names • All organisms given a scientific name: includes • the Genus of organism • the specific epithet for that species.

  9. For example… The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens. Genus: Homo Species: sapiens

  10. When writing a Scientific name • Capitalize the first letter of the genus name • Lower case for the first letter of the species name • Italicize if printing o • Underline if handwriting Norman High Panthera tigris RULES!

  11. Taxonomy Today • Identifies evolutionary relationships • Classifies based on those relationships • Compares internal and external structures • Geographic locations • DNA and RNA and proteins • Embryological development

  12. Taxonomy is a Framework • Used to study the relationship between living and extinct species.

  13. The Five Kingdoms • K. Monera – Bacteria; single-celled; prokaryotic cells • Autotrophs, heterotrophs, both chemotrophs, • K. Protista – single-celled; eukaryotic cells • Autotrophs, heterotrophs, both Hetero = other Auto = self Troph = food “Feeds on others” “Feeds self” Chemotrophs – use chemicals not sun for energy

  14. K. Fungi – mushrooms, mildews, mold; eukaryotic; multicellular; heterotrophic Do not “eat” = ingest – they absorb nutrients!

  15. K. Plantae – trees, mosses, ferns, flowering plants; • Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic • they make their own food through photosynthesis.- • Turns light energy to chemical energy in food mmmmm….sunshine!

  16. K. Animalia – insects, reptiles, birds, amphibians, mammals, and fish; • Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic mmmm…hamburgers! mmmm…rabbit stew!

  17. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti Taxon groups of classification mmmm…spaghetti!

  18. K i n g d o m A n i m a l i a

  19. PHYLA PROJECT • Research today and prepare poster • Neat, visible, readable info • 15 minutes next class to finish • Present • Phylum Porifera • Phylum Cnidaria • Phylum Platyhelminthes • Phylum Nematoda • Phylum Mollusca • Phylum Annelida • Phylum Arthropoda • Phylum Echinodermata • Correct pronunciations • Number and name of classes • Total # of known species • Common characteristics • How does it relate to other phyla

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