What is Peace Psychology: Post-Cold War Era

1. What is Peace Psychology: Post-Cold War Era Daniel J. Christie Professor Emeritus of Psychology Ohio State University USA

2. Definitions of “Peace” “‘Peace’ can be regarded as ‘absence of violence’” and “violence is present when human beings are being influenced so that their actual somatic and mental realizations are below their potential realizations.” (Galtung, JPR, 1969)

3. http://academic.marion.ohio-state.edu/dchristie/Peace%20Psychology%20Book.htmlhttp://academic.marion.ohio-state.edu/dchristie/Peace%20Psychology%20Book.html

4. Peace Psychology Defined Peace psychology seeks to develop theories and practices aimed at the prevention and mitigation of direct and structural violence. Framed positively, peace psychology promotes the nonviolent management of conflict and the pursuit of social justice, what we refer to as peacemaking and peacebuilding, respectively (Christie et al., 2001, p.7).

5. A More Differentiated Perspective Episodic Structural Violence Violence • Also called direct  Also called indirect violence violence • Kills/harms quickly  Kills/harms slowly • Intermittent  Continuous • Acute insult to  Chronic insult to well-being well-being • Episodes may be  Inertia may be prevented mitigated • Dramatic  Normalized

6. A More Differentiated Perspective Episodic StructuralPeacebuilding Peacebuilding • Reduces violent  Reduces structural episodes violence • Emphasizes  Emphasizes social nonviolence justice • Seeks to prevent  Seeks to ameliorate violent episodes structural violence • Produces tension  Produces tension reduction enhancement • Uses cooperation  Uses noncooperation • Supports status quo  Challenges status quo

7. Domain of Peace Psychology Episodic Structural Intermittent & Direct Continuous & Indirect Violence Contact & Nonviolent Conflict Management Nonviolent Movement towards Socially Just Arrangements Peace

8. Table of Contents.pdf Foreword (M. Brewster Smith).pdf Preface (Christie, Wagner, & Winter).pdf Introduction to Peace Psychology (Christie, Wagner, & Winter).pdf Section I - Direct Violence (Wagner).pdf Chapter 1 - Intimate Violence (Abrahams).pdf Chapter 2 - Anti Gay & Lesbian Violence (Cody Murphy).pdf Chapter 3 - Intrastate Violence (Niens & Cairns).pdf Chapter 4 - Nationalism & War (Druckman).pdf Chapter 5 - Integrative Complexity, War & Peace (Conway, Suedfeld, & Tetlock).pdf Chapter 6 - Genocide and Mass Killing (Staub).pdf Chapter 7 - Weapons of Mass Destruction (Britton).pdf Chapter 8 - Social Injustice (Opotow).pdf Section II - Structural Violence (Winter & Leighton).pdf Chapter 9 - Children & Violence in the US (Kostelny & Garbarino).pdf Chapter 10 - Children & Structural Violence (Schwebel & Christie).pdf Chapter 11 - Women, Girls, & Structural Violence (Mazurana & McKay).pdf Chapter 12 - Understanding Militarism (Winter, Pilisuk, Houck, & Lee).pdf Chapter 13 - Globalism & Structural Violence (Pilisuk).pdf Chapter 14 - Human Rights (Lykes).pdf

9. Section III - Peacemaking (Wagner).pdf Chapter 15 - Peacekeeping (Langholtz & Leentjes).pdf Chapter 16 - The Cultural Context of Peacemaking (Pedersen).pdf Chapter 17 - Confict Resolution (Sanson & Bretherton).pdf Chapter 18 - Psychology & the TRANSCEND Approach (Galtung & Tschudi).pdf Chapter 19 - Cooperation & Conflict Resolution in Schools (Coleman & Deutsch).pdf Chapter 20 - Reducing Trauma during Ethnopolitical Conflict (Agger).pdf Chapter 21 - Reconciliation in Divided Societies (de la Rey).pdf Chapter 22 - Psychosocial Intervention & Post War Reconstruction (Wessells & Monteiro).pdf Section IV - Peacebuilding (Christie).pdf Chapter 23 - Structural Peacebuilding (Montiel).pdf Chapter 24 - Psychologies for Liberation (Dawes).pdf Chapter 25 - Gandhi as Peacebuilder (Mayton).pdf Chapter 26 - Peacebuilding & Nonviolence (Steger).pdf Chapter 27 - Children's Perspectives on Peace (Hakvoort & Hagglund).pdf Chapter 28 - Empowerment Based Interventions (Webster & Perkins).pdf Chapter 29 - Gendering Peacebuilding (McKay & Mazurana).pdf Chapter 30 - Psychologists Building Cultures of Peace (Wessells, Schwebel & Anderson).pdf Conclusion (Winter, Christie, Wagner, & Boston).pdf

10. “Increase and apply psychological knowledge in the pursuit of peace ... [including] both the absence of destructive conflict and the creation of positive social conditions which minimize destructiveness and promote human well-being.” (Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence, 2006) Goals of Peace Psychology

11. The earth provides enough for everyone’s needs, but not everyone’s greed. Contemporary Peace Psychology includes social justice within its purview Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)

12. Social Psychology and Peace: An Introductory Overview (Cohrs & Boehnke, SP, 2008) • Obstacles to negative (episodic) peace • intergroup aggression, right-wing extremism, support for war, etc. • Catalysts of negative peace • intergroup contact, reconciliation, peace activism, etc. • Obstacles to positive (structural) peace • social dominance, ethnic discrimination, legitimizing ideologies, etc. • Catalysts of positive peace • relative privilege, minority influence, support for human rights, etc.

13. Peace Obstacles & Catalysts(Cohrs & Boehnke, SP, 2008) Obstacles Catalysts Negative Peace intergroup aggression, right-wing extremism, support for war • intergroup contact, reconciliation, peace activism, etc. Positive Peace social dominance, ethnic discrimination, legitimizing ideologies, etc. relative privilege, minority influence, support for human rights, etc.