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Neuron - highly specialized cell that transmits electrical impulses

This article provides an overview of neurons, the highly specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses, and their role in the nervous system. It covers the central and peripheral nervous systems, different types of neurons, neurotransmitters, and important neuroscience terminology. References are included for further reading.

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Neuron - highly specialized cell that transmits electrical impulses

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  1. Neuron-highly specialized cell that transmits electrical impulses Stephen M. Fowler

  2. Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS)- brain and spinal chord • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- all nerves extending from and going to the CNS • Composed of over 100 billion neurons

  3. Elements of a Neuron

  4. Neurotransmitters • Are required along with vesicles to transmit a nerve impulse from one neuron to another over the synapse.

  5. Classes of Neurons • Afferent- do not have dendrites: transmit impulses from specialized structures to the Central Nervous System • Efferent- conduct electrical signals from the CNS to muscle or glad cells • Inter- reside entirely within the CNS and make up about 99% of all neurons

  6. Neuroscience Terminology • Nerve- bundle of axons in the PNS • Pathway- bundle of axons in the CNS • Commissure- a collection of nerve fibers linking the left and right halves of the CNS • Nuclei- cell bodies linked together in the CNS • Ganglia- cell bodies linked together in the PNS

  7. References • Pasternak • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page • http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/Psych402/Biotutorials/2/myelin.shtml

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