Background information Compound dictation Questions & Answers Watch & Discuss

Text Analysis Pre-reading Activities Background information Compound dictation Questions & Answers Watch & Discuss Main idea and devices for developing it Summary Expressions & Patterns How to apply to our real life the typical expressions and patterns taken from the text Blank filling Exercises Writing All the exercises for Section A 议论文写作技巧

I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Background Information Acquaint yourself with some relevant information. Compound Dictation Listen to a passage and fill in the missing words. Questions & Answers Listen to a passage and answer some questions. Watch & Discuss Watch the video and discuss the given topics.

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Tomintoul Tomintoul is a village which is the base camp for climbers and walkers in the area round the rivers Avon and Livet. Nearby, Cromdale and the Ladder Hills foreshadow the Cairngorm Mountains. 下一页

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Scotland: Scotland is one of four constituent nations which form the United Kingdom (the other three are England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Scotland is divided into three main regions: the Highlands, the Midland Valley and the Southern Uplands. Scotland includes 787 islands, of which most belong to groups known as the Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland. Scotland is well-known for its mountainous and beautiful scenery. Scotland also has its own banking system and its own banknotes. Scotland has given rise to many more famous people, notable in the arts, literature, the sciences. 下一页上一页

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Scotland Yard This is the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police. The term is often used, popularly, to refer to one branch, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). Named after a short street in London, the site of a palace used in the 12th century as a residence of visiting Scottish kings, it became London’s police center in 1829. New and separate headquarters for the Metropolitan Police were built in 1890 along the Thames embankment and were referred to as New Scotland Yard. 下一页上一页

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Michael Collins The Irish Republican Army (IRA) This is a nationalist organization devoted to the integration of Ireland as a complete and independent unit. Organized by Michael Collins from remnants of rebel units dispersed after the Easter Rebellion in 1916, it was composed of the more militant members of the Irish Volunteers, and it became the military wing of the Sinn Féin party. 下一页上一页

I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Back Chirnside A village of Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders, Chirnside lies to the north of the Whiteadder Water, 9 miles (15 km) west of Berwick-upon-Tweed. It has a 12th century church and a paper mill established in 1842. 上一页

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Compound Dictation Directions: You will hear a passage. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and supply the missing words.

Back situated basin flat elevation estimated contains dominates extraordinary successive governments has historically favored the city as the site for all decision making exercising a powerful attraction on virtually all of the nation’s activities Paris is ________ in a low-lying _____; the city is mostly ____, although the _________ gradually increases from the river to the low hills that ring the city’s edge. With an __________ population approaching 10 million, the Paris metropolitan area ________ nearly 20 percent of the nation’s inhabitants and _________ the economic, cultural, and political life of France to an _____________ degree. The centralizing philosophy of __________ ____________________________________________ ________________________, thus __________________________________________________________________.

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Questions & Answers 1. Why initially did some villagers not trust “Lord Williams”? key 2.At a later date why did many villagers suspect he was not the person he claimed to be? key 3.Why do the villagers still drink to their “Lord” ? key

The reasons for their distrust of this rich stranger were varied. For one thing, “Lord Williams” did not live in the small village but only visited it on weekends ever since he came to the village for the first time. For another, people of the small village were not quite sure about him. He was so strange to the local people that they may even have doubts about his identity. Perhaps the most important reason lies in the fact that people were confused with his real motivation for doing all this. They may be troubled time and again by such questions as “what is his actual purpose”? Reference Words: the reasons for distrust of somebody, for one thing, for the first time, for another, be sure about somebody, identity, lie in, be confused with, motivation key 返回

At first, just because the local people did not know much about the rich stranger, they held him in great esteem. But with time passing by, people’s suspicions of the noble man werearoused. The first thing which made them suspicious of him was whether he was really a wealthy lord, because according to their life experience , few lords would do things like that. The next thing they could not understand was where his money came from.The last, perhaps the most important one ,was why he spent such great amount of money on the small village, but had no hope of ever getting it back in the future. Reference Words: hold sb. in great esteem, arouse one’s suspicion, be suspicious of, wealthy lord, spend great amount of money on sth., have no hope of getting sth. back key 返回

The villagers hold such friendly attitudes towardshim just because they all agree that he and “his” money helped the village back onto its feet. Whatever his motive was, no one can deny the fact that this man invested so much money in the small village that used to be lifeless, and the villagers really benefited a lot from hisgenerous investment. Therefore, the villagers highly appreciatehis “great contribution” to the village and intend to extend their thanks to him. Reference words: hold a friendly attitude towards sb., help sb. back onto his feet, motive, benefit a lot from sth., generous investment, highly appreciate sb.’s great contribution to sth., extend one’s thanks to sb. key 返回

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say 1. What’s your definition of money? key 2. What attitude should we take toward money? key Video watching Directions: Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows: 上一页

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If you view money as the source of happiness, there is much evidence for it. One’s happiness lies in many factors, among which money may be the first thing to be considered. Besides, one’s happiness is built on good education, well-paid jobs, and ideal marriage, all of which would never come true without money. Yet, if you see money as the root of all evil, there is also hard ground on which to base your idea. As we all know, most of the social crimes are bound up with lure of or greed for money. To sum up, money can be an angel or a devil, all depending on how one makes it and how he uses it. • Summary:Just as anything can be seen from different angles, money may be many things to many people: • Money is sth. to be used rather than amassed, and sth. to be plowed into sth. more valuable. • Money is everything to those in sore need of it. • Money is nothing but a means to an end. • Money is the best bait to fish for man with. • Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned. • Money is a slave to the wise, a master to the fool. • Money is the best soap to remove the biggest stain with. >>>more 返回 Path of thinking: • What is money in your eyes? • Do you think money is the source of happiness or the root of all evil? Why? key

Summary: There is no denying the fact that with the development of society, money is becoming more and more important to our life. On the list of our daily worries, in fact, money is always at the top. But this does not mean that its value is above everything else in our life. If we see it in its true colors, it is nothing but a means to an end. It can bring us food, but not appetite; medicine, but not health; acquaintance, but not friendship; servants, but not faithfulness; diplomas, but not knowledge; and days of joy, but not peace of mind. If I were a millionaire, I would still hold to my motto: money is always something to be invested into something more worthwhile. Once money was no longer an obstacle to the well-being of my family, my focus would be on more important things such as better living of the people around me, more comfortable environment of my community, and welfare services of society. Only in this way, I believe, could my money be invested with enduring meaning and could my worth to society glow with the heat of my love for society. In sum, money is nothing but a means to an end. >>>more 返回 Path of thinking: • Is there anything more important than money to your life? • What would you do with your money if you were a millionaire? key

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Main idea of the textand devices for developing it Main idea of each part and devices for developing it New words & Text Transcript Devices Main idea New Words 倒序法 Part Ⅰ Part Ⅱ 引言法 Part Ⅲ Text 演绎法 Part IV

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It • fantasy • wealthy • suspicion • arouse • injection • deputy • court • considerate • mislead • restore • barber • Christ • republican • estate • brick • auction • hedge • fantastic • horizon • multiple • mess • glorious • furnish • panel • wood-paneled • leather • crystal • deceive • inherit • deposit • notify • commission • commissioner • supervise • arrangement • substantial • bulk • arrest • motive • Republican • Army • British • England • Spain • Lord • of Chirnside • Scottish • Glenlivet • Gordon • Arms Hotel • David Abdy • fall upon • dark days • stick by sb. • add on • sink … into • fix up • make … into • sell sth. at a • loss • Proper Names • Tomintoul • Scotland • The Grouse’s • Nest • Lord Williams • Tony • Anthony • Williams • Scotland Yard • London • Georgie • McAllister • Donald Corr • Irish • bloody • debt • justify • Phrases and • Expressions • raise a • glass to • turn out • buy up • bring…to life • live out • bring…into • court

Back Instead, it went to create one more British lord. Mr. Williams bought an estate with a fine brick house in England. He bought a beautiful home with white walls and a pool in Spain. He bought noble titles at auctions, suspicions were aroused over time, as the 55-year-old Mr. Williams, who appeared on weekends turned out in fine suits, bought up property after property, providing such a large injection of cash into the village that he single-handedly brought the community Mr. Abdy, a 27-year-old businessman, acquired the bulk of the properties for about half a million pounds, obtaining bank loans and striking deals with various people to pay only a part of what they are owed by Mr. Williams. paying for it by stealing funds from Scotland Yard. About two weeks ago, a regretful Mr. Williams who had worked for the London police since 1959and who had risen to a £ 65,000 a year position as deputy director of own wife, telling them that he inherited the money from a rich uncle. He was caught because his bank deposits were so large that they were noticed by the bank’s management. The bank notified the police, who discovered, to their terrible embarrassment, that the villagers are sticking by him. “I found him a very charming man, very friendly, considerate— not at all proud,” said Georgie McAllister, 70, the manager of the local museum whose family has been farming the surrounding hills for generations. described how suspicions began to grow. “Everyone wondered where the money was coming from. Why was he spending it in a little place in the mountains? Christ, he wouldn’t have gotten it back in 100 years.” According to the court, Mr. Williams green grass, green rows of hedges, and its fantastic view of rolling fields and pine forests disappearing into the distance like the men of an ancient army marching over the horizon. He bought multiple cottages and fixed them up. He purchased the pub and made it handsomely furnished rooms, wood-paneled stairs, false bookshelves with fake leather books and an outstanding restaurant. “I would offer him three choices of glasses for the restaurant: an average one, a poor one, and fine crystal. Always, he chose described as greed. There is no way to justify it.” The Expensive Fantasy of Lord Williams Tomintoul, Scotland—On Saturday night at The Grouse’s Nest, they’re still willing to raise a glass or two to “Lord Williams”, though now his title prompts laughter. And now they just call him “Tony”. There are those in this beautiful village in the mountains of Scotland (population, 320) who say they were never quite sure about Anthony Williams, the soft-spoken, wealthy noble who arrived in 1986 with his well-dressed wife. And there are others who say their back to life. But no one could have possibly guessed the truth—that the man with endless money and a friendly manner was not a lord at all but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and into a fine place to have a glass of Glenlivet Scotch whiskey, produced only 10 miles (16 kilometers) to the north. And most of all, he bought the run-down Gordon Arms Hotel and totally restored it, transforming it from a mess into a glorious first-class hotel with 30 the crystal. Nothing but the best,” said David Abdy, who was chosen by Mr. Williams to manage the construction work and run the businesses. Mr. Williams deceived everyone, including Mr. Abdy and including even his spending £ 95,000 to become the Lord of Chirnside, and then adding on 10 more Scottish titles. But most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into this village that captured his heart with its fine stone cottages, its central area of stole more than £ 8 million over eight years. Most of it came from a secret fund that had been placed under his sole authority and that was supposed to be used to pay spies and conduct secret activities against the Irish Republican Army. “It’s hard to understand how a clever person like him could mislead people like that. It’s sad. Of course, it did benefit the village. A lot of the properties were beautifully restored.” A few doors down the square, barber Donald Corr sat inside his shop and finance , was brought into court and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. Estimates are that he poured nearly £ 5 million of the stolen money into the village and gave jobs to 43 people. And now that he has fallen upon dark days at least some criminal was one of their own. The London police commissioner publicly apologized for poorly supervising his department. Under a hastily made arrangement, the police will sell the properties, but at a substantial financial loss. In the only interview he has given since his arrest a year ago, Mr.Williams discussed his motives for the crime with a London newspaper: “I discovered this bloody huge amount of money. I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what can only be

Back II.Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Main idea of the text ? Devices for developing it? The author tells us the true story of Anthony Williams, a man driven by greed to live out a fantasy of becoming a noble man by stealing what was entrusted to his care. 倒序法引言法演绎法

>>>more Back Flashback 倒叙法 • In narrative writing, the author generally follows a certain order to keep the readers clearly oriented in time. In this passage, to catch the readers’ attention and arouse their interests in going on reading for more details, the author adopts flashback in which he first states the present situation and then goes back to the past events.

>>>more Back Flashback 倒叙法 The present situation : 1) What is going on now? (Para. 1) 2) What do people think of Lord Williams? (Paras. 2-4) 3) What is the result of Mr.Williams’ stealing what was entrusted to his care? (Para. 5) 4) What are the villagers’ responses to the case? (Paras. 6-8)

Back Flashback 倒叙法 • The past events: • What crimes did Lord Williams commit? How did he spend the money?(Paras. 9-14) • How was Lord Williams caught by the bank? What did the police do after they found Lord Williams’ crime?(Paras. 15-16) • What was Lord Williams’ motive for the crime? (Para. 17) 返回

Quotation引言法 Back To portray the main character and reveal the theme of the story, the author sometimes applies direct speech and indirect speech which are vivid and convincing . Paras. 2-3 use indirect speech; Paras. 7-8, Para. 14 and Para. 17 use direct speech. 返回

Deduction演绎法 Back • The author brings some detailed • points together to express a main • point of view. • Three details are described in part II (Paras. 6-8) showing the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams’ case. • Four details are stated in part III (Paras. 10-14) revealing how Mr. Williams spent his stolen money in creating a British lord. 返回

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I (Paras. 1-5) Part II Part III Part IV For details Main idea ? This part is the general background of the story, which answers such five questions as where did the story take place? Who was the hero? What did the hero do? What was the truth? What was the result of Mr. Williams? Devices for developing it ? Flashback (倒叙法)

Back >>>more Flashback (倒叙法) 3) There are others who say their suspicions were aroused over time, as the 55-year-old Mr. Williams, …, providing such a large injection of cash into the village that he single-handedly brought the community back to life. (Para. 3) 4) But no one could have guessed the truth — that the man with endless money was not a lord but a government employee dreaming of becoming a noble by stealing what was entrusted to his care(监守自盗). (Para. 4) 5) Mr. Williams was brought to court and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. (Para. 5) Brief answers to the five questions: 1) Place: Tomintoul, Scotland 2) Hero: Lord Williams 3) What he did: He provided such a large injection of cash into the village that he single-handedly brought the community back to life. In this part, the author narrates the present situation and the result of Mr.Williams’ case. 1) …they’re still willing to raise a glass or two to “Lord Williams”, though now his title prompts laughter… (Para. 1) 2) There are those who say they were never quite sure about Anthony Williams, the soft-spoken, wealthy noble … (Para. 2)

Back Flashback (倒叙法) 4) Truth:He was not a lord but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds from Scotland Yard. 5) Result: He was brought to court and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. 返回

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II (Paras. 6-8) Part III Paras. 7-8 For details Part IV Paras. 6-8 For details Main idea ? What are the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams’ case? Devices for developing it ? Quotation（引言法） Deduction (演绎法）

Quotation（引言法） Back The author quotes directly as follows: 1) “I found him a very charming man, very friendly, considerate – not at all proud. It’s hard to understand a clever person like him could mislead people like that…” by Georgie McAllister (Para. 7) 2) “Everyone wondered where the money was coming from. Why was he spending it in a little place in the mountains? Christ, he wouldn’t have gotten it back in 100 years.” by Donald Corr (Para. 8) 返回

Deduction (演绎法） Back Question What are the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams? (Paras. 6 - 8) Response 1: At least some villagers are sticking by him. (Para. 6) Response 2: It’s hard to understand how a clever man like him could mislead people like that. What he did benefited the village. (Para. 7) Response 3: Everyone wondered where the money came from and why he did so. He would not have gotten it back in 100 years. (Para. 8) 返回

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II Part III (Paras. 9 - 14) For details Deduction (演绎法） Part IV Main idea？ What crime did Mr. Williams commit and how did he spend the money? Devices for developing it ?

Deduction (演绎法) Back Question What crime did Mr. Williams commit and how did he spend his money? (Paras. 9 - 14) Detail 1: Mr. Williams stole more than 8 million pounds over eight years. (Para. 9) Detail 4: Mr. Williams spent the money buying multiple cottages, a pub and a run-down hotel and turned it into a glorious place. (Para. 13) Detail 2: Mr.Williams spent the money buying an estate and noble titles, to become the Lord of Chirnside. (Para. 11) Detail 5: Mr. Williams spent the money buying the crystal glasses, the most expensive ones for the restaurant. (Para. 14) Detail 3: Mr. Williams sunk his dishonest money into this village with fine stone cottages. (Para. 12) 返回

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II Part III Part IV (Paras.15-17) For details Main idea？ What was the result of Mr. Williams’ case after his spending such a large amount of his dishonest money? Devices for developing it ? Straightforward Time Order (时间顺序叙述法) Paras. 15-17

He was caught by the bank because his bank deposits were so large. (Para. 15) Topic Plot 1 The bank notified the police and the London police arrested him and decided to sell the properties but at a substantial financial loss. (Para. 16) Plot 2 In the only interview he has given since his arrest a year ago, Mr. Williams discussed his motive for the crime. It was greed that drove him up to anything in obtaining the money. (Para. 17) Plot 3 Straightforward Time Order (时间顺序叙述法) Back What was the result of Mr. Williams’ case? 返回

III. Expressions & Patterns Patterns for you to use as models Expressions 1. Typical patterns for evidence citing • to raise a glass to sb. • (one’s suspicions) to be aroused over time • to buy up • to provide a large injection of cash into • to bring sth. back to life • to live out a fantasy • to rise to a position as • >>>more 2. Typical patterns for emphasizing changes in sth. / sb. 3. Typical patterns for introducing different ideas 4.Typical patterns for cumulative description

III. Expressions & Patterns • to fall upon dark days • to stick by • a few doors down the square • to get sth. back • under his sole authority • to conduct activities against/ for • to capture one’s heart with to disappear into the distance to march over the horizon 17. to one’s embarrassment 18. at a substantial loss 19. to acquire the bulk of sth. 20. to strike deals with sb. 21. the motive for sth. or doing sth. A. Expressions: Back

III. Expressions & Patterns Back A. Compatible Expressions 1.向······祝贺，向······干杯  to raise a glass to sb. (L. 2) 活学活用婚礼上，人们举杯向这对新人祝贺，祝福他们永远幸福。 At the wedding party, people raised a glass to the new couple wishing them a happy life for ever. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 2. （疑心 / 兴趣 / 好奇心）与日俱增 (one’s suspicions / interest / curiosity) to be aroused over time (L. 7) 活学活用随着孩子们年龄的增长，他们对周围世界的好奇心与日俱增。 As children get older, their curiosity about the outside world around them is aroused over time. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 3. 全部买进 • tobuy up (L. 8) 活学活用听说要涨价，市民们纷纷到商店大量抢购。 Word of price rise sent the citizens to shops to buy up as much as they could. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 4. 投入大量资金 / 投资于······  to provide a large injection of cash into (L. 9) to pour money into (L. 19) tosink money into (L. 40) 活学活用政府投入了大量的资金去改善生活环境。 The government provided a large injection of cash into bettering the living environment. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 5. 使······起死回生 / 使······焕发生机  to bring sth. / sb. back to life (L. 10) 活学活用改革开放政策使深圳这个过去的小镇焕发了生机。 The policy of reform and opening-up brought Shenzhen, a small town in the past, back to life. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 6. 实践梦想，生活在幻想中  tolive out a fantasy (L. 12) 活学活用她年轻的时候幻想着自己是个电影明星，过着和她们一样的奢侈生活。 When young, she led an extravagant life, living out a fantasy that she was a movie star. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 7.提升为······  to rise to a position as(L. 16) 活学活用经过努力，这位年轻人很快升为公司的总经理。 Through his own effort, the young man soon rose to a position as the general manager of the company. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 8.遭到不幸，倒霉 to fall upon dark days(L. 21) 活学活用 When the people in that area fell upon dark days, both the government and the people from all walks of life showed their concern and love. 当那个地区的人民遭受不幸时，政府和社会各界都表示了他们的关怀和爱心。下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 9.（尤指在困难时刻）继续支持，忠于······ • to stick by sth. / sb. (L. 22) 活学活用尽管球队目前处于低谷，但忠实的球迷们继续支持她。 Although the team is at the lowest point, the devoted football fans stick by her as they used to. 上一页下一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 10.距广场几家之遥 • a few doors down the square(L. 28) 活学活用闻名遐迩的秦兵马俑位于西安城东20公里。 Twenty kilometers down east of Xi’an, there stands the well-known Museum of Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors and Horses. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 11. 收回，撤回 • to get sth. back / take sth. back(L. 30) 活学活用这位企业家在此小镇投入巨资，并无意收回，而只是为了回报家乡的养育之恩。 This enterpriser sunk a large amount of money into the town with no intention of getting it back but with the mere purpose of repaying his hometown for her love and care for his growth. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 12.在他的单独管辖之下  under his sole authority / control (L. 33 ) 活学活用这个地区置于联合国维和部队的单独管辖之下。 This region is placed under the sole control of the Peace Troops of UN. 下一页上一页

Background information Compound dictation Questions & Answers Watch & Discuss