Analogies

1. Analogies

2. Lesson Goals • Define antonym and synonym. • Recognize pairs of words as antonyms or synonyms. • Apply your knowledge to complete analogies using synonyms and antonyms.

3. SPIs Review 3rd Grade SPI SPI 0301.1.17 Select appropriate synonyms and antonyms within context. 4th Grade SPIs SPI 0401.1.12 Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms, and homonyms within context. SPI 0401.5.4 Choose a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms and antonyms. Prerequisite for 5th Grade SPI SPI 0501.5.5 Select a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, categories, and subcategories.

4. Assessment At the end of this lesson, you will be given a multiple choice quiz taken from the TCAP practice and sample items in which you must complete analogies. Throughout the year, we will review analogies through: • Morning Review • Comprehension Reading Quizzes • TCAP Coach • Limelight Test

5. Essential Questions What are analogies and why are they used?

6. TheLesson Today we will complete three activities with analogies including: • Review synonyms and antonyms using response cards and dry erase boards. • Play the game “Kick Me”. • Group Choice Writing Activity: • Create a page for a Class Analogy Book in which the group creates and illustrates an analogy. • Write and illustrate a situation analogy. • Compose an analogy poem.

7. Hook BrainPop http://www.brainpop.com/english/grammar/antonymssynonymsandhomonyms/

8. Real World Analogies are an important part of learning vocabulary. Most standardized tests, including the TCAP, SAT, and ACT, use analogies to test vocabulary.

9. Real World You may discover new ways to use things (e.g., using a broomstick as a pretend horse) and make broader comparisons between things. This can help expand your creativity.

10. Do you like solving crossword puzzles? Some newspapers combine the two. Figuring out analogies is a fun form of entertainment.

11. Real World Many writers use analogies in their essays to explain relationships. For example: Growing up is like learning to ride a bike. When you are very young you must have a lot of help from your parents, just like a beginning bike rider needs training wheels.

12. 4th Grade SPIs SPI 0401.1.12 Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms, and homonyms within context. SPI 0401.5.4 Choose a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms and antonyms.

13. Activity 1 - Review synonyms and antonyms.

14. Activity 1 - Review synonyms and antonyms. hero villain opposites or antonyms twinidentical same or synonyms

15. Synonym Example scary spooky frightening eerie • Synonyms are words that have the same or nearly the same meaning.

16. Antonym Example big - little • Antonyms are words with opposite meanings.

17. Response Cards Instructions • Determine if each pair of words are synonyms or antonyms. Use your response cards to show your answer. synonyms antonyms

18. early late antonyms

19. smooth rough antonyms

20. near close synonyms

21. full empty antonyms

22. large giant synonyms

23. Dry Erase Boards Instructions Write A, B, or C on your dry erase board to answer the following questions. B

24. Which of the following is the antonym for invisible? • A. visible • B. transparent • C. outer • A. visible • B. transparent • C. outer

25. Which of the following is the synonym for crowded? • empty • deserted • packed • empty • deserted • packed

26. Which of the following is the antonym for uneasy? • anxious • nervous • comfortable • anxious • nervous • comfortable

27. Which of the following is the antonym for arrive? • depart • come • entry • depart • come • entry

28. Which of the following is the synonym for artificial? • A. real • B. man-made • C. natural • A. real • B. man-made • C. natural

29. Activity 2 - Analogies Analogy is just a term that means "word relationships". Start by determining if the first pair of words are antonyms or synonyms. Then add a word that has the same relationship.

33. far Open is to closed as near is to ______ . The pairs of words in this analogy are __________. (synonyms, antonyms) antonyms

34. cheerful Tired is to sleepy as happy is to ____________. The pairs of words in this analogy are __________. (synonyms, antonyms) synonyms

35. slow On is to off as fast is to ____________. The pairs of words in this analogy are __________. (synonyms, antonyms) antonyms

36. Analogies are sometimes formatted as follows: [word 1] : [word 2] : : [word 3] : [word 4] In this analogy format, : reads "is to" and : : reads "as" This means that sour : vinegary : : sweet : syrupy sour is to vinegary as sweet is to syrupy

37. You are the teacher. Pretend you are the teacher. Turn to your partner and ask a question about this part of the lesson.

38. Kick Me Instructions The “kick me” activity is based on the prank of placing a note on someone’s back that says, “kick me.” A word will be placed on each of your backs.

39. Kick Me Instructions You will be given a list of analogies with one missing word. (Notice that the words used to form the analogies come from your vocabulary words in all subjects including: reading, math, science, and social studies.) You must analyze the relationship of the first pair of words, and then find the missing word on a classmate’s back. Even if you know a word that will make sense in the analogy, you must find the exact word on a classmate’s back before writing it on your sheet.

40. Kick Me Instructions You may work individually or in pairs; however, you must find a partner quickly because you will have a time limit of 10 minutes to complete this activity. Read the first rule of “Kick Me.” Absolutely no kicking.

42. freezing times quick huge sneaky never subtract old top squabble gigantic float

43. control speedy dry subtract dim sickness sketch want Mayan colonist

44. 4th Grade SPIs SPI 0401.1.12 Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms, and homonyms within context. SPI 0401.5.4 Choose a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms and antonyms.

45. Activity 3 - Groups In a moment you will work in groups of four to create your own analogy. Groups will be given three choices of activities. When you reach your group you must set group goals by: • Voting on the activity you wish to complete. • Assigning activity parts to each person in the group. (Note, this is not group roles, but who will complete each task.)

46. Activity 3 - Groups Remember your Group Roles • Leader (Gets the group started on assignments.) • Reporter (Reports to the class.) • Recorder (Writes down information.) • Timekeeper (Reminds members of the time.)

47. Choice 1 – Creative ThinkingCreate a Page for a Class Analogy Book The group leader will ask the group to decide if the group wants the word pairs to be synonyms or antonyms. The recorder must write down the analogy for the group to refer to during this activity. Each member of the group will complete one page. You will share these with the class when finished. The reporter will organize how the group will share their analogy. The timekeeper will make sure the assignment is completed within the 15 minute time limit. down frown smile up

48. Good Examples magic feline cat enchanted many mountain valley few

49. Use your pinch card to show which analogy is better. inspector teacher professor detective go world earth car

50. Choice 2 – Practical ThinkingWrite and illustrate a situation analogy. Create your analogy, using "like" to connect the two situations. Example After taking that test, I feel like a prisoner strapped into an electric chair waiting for the pardon to arrive. Be specific about the similarities between the situations or things.