Mummification

1. Mummification

2. Ancient Egyptians had one great wish: to live forever Believed in life after death Believed they would live in their tombs as they had on earth Mummification

3. Ba = the soul Ba was represented by a bird with the human head Ka = invisible twin of the person When a person died their Ba and Ka were released from the body Ka and the BaEgyptians believed every one had a BA and KA

4. Early Mummification • A mummy is a corpse that has been dried out • Early Egyptians were mummified naturally • They were buried in the hot, dry sand • Later, burials became more elaborate • The dead were buried in pits • However, the bodies were exposed to dampness and bacteria • They decayed

5. Embalming • Embalm means to mummify • People had to learn to embalm • It took hundreds of years to perfect • Mummies have lasted for 1000 of years

6. Step 1 in Mummification • It took 70 days • People were buried according to what they could afford • The first step was to remove the inner organs • The lungs, stomach, liver and intestines were stored in canopic jars

7. Contained the lungs Baboon image Hapy

8. Contained the intestines Falcon image Qebhsenuef

9. Contained the liver Human image Imsety

10. Contained the stomach Jackal Image Duamutef

11. Step 1 continued Brain Removal Heart Was left in the body Later was removed and replaced with a stone scarab • Removed through the nostrils with a large metal hook • Not seen as important

12. Step 2 • The body was stuffed with small bundles of natron • Bundles were made of linen

13. Step 3 Body was dried with Natron Mummy with Natron • The outside was covered with natron too • The chemical dried out the body the same way the sand had done

14. Step 4 After 40 days Mummy Adorned • Natron packs were removed • Dried, shrunken body was sponged clean • Eye sockets were plugged with linen and closed • Nostrils were stuffed with beeswax • Arms were crossed and finger and toenails were capped with gold • Embalming cut was sewn together • Mummy was adorned with jewels of gold and precious stones

15. Step 5 Wrapped in Mummy wrapped in linen • Bound in linen • Fingers, toes and arms were bound individually • Every few layers were glued with resin • After 20 layers, the body took on its normal size

16. Step 6 Amulets were: Egyptian Amulets • Magical amulets were tucked inside the mummy’s wrappings • The bound head was covered with a portrait mask • The mask too was bound • The whole package was wrapped in a shroud and given a final coat of resin

17. Step 7 Burial Coffins Elaborate coffin • Made a coffin or sometimes a nest of coffins for the mummy • Painted inside and out with gods. Goddesses and magic spells for protection

18. Nest of Burial Coffins

19. Step 8 Procession Egyptian Funeral Procession • The mummy rested on an elaborate sled • Another sled carried the canopic jars • Mourners were paid to weep

20. Step 9 Opening of the Mouth Opening of the Mouth • The mummy’s mouth was not actually opened • It was magically given the ability to speak

21. Step 10 Sarcophagus Egyptian sarcophagus • The mummy was put into a sarcophagus • A sarcophagus was a stone coffin with a heavy lid

22. The Legend of Osiris First Egyptian king Anubis Jackal headed god Embalmed Osiris • Legendary king • First to be mummifed • When he died, he became a god • King of the Underwold • Prince of the dead