Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets

1. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

2. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solution to Worksheet 10A: Developing a Process Flow Diagram Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

3. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solution to Worksheet 10B: Developing an Eco-map of Water Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

4. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solution to Worksheet 10B: Developing an Eco-map of Solid waste Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

5. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solution to Worksheet 10C: Developing the Material Balance for Apples Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

6. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solution to Worksheet 10C: Developing the Material Balance for Water Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

7. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solution to Worksheet 10D: Conducting Cause Diagnosis for Low Productivity Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

8. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solution to Worksheet 10E: Identifying and Screening Cleaner Production Options The options at the low or no cost end could include training of workers to do away with sloppy handling, improving the maintenance of spray nozzles, sending the organic waste as animal feed to the farmers.. Low to medium cost options could include replacing the spray nozzles with flat nozzles; exploring reuse of water used to clean apples for floor washing, operating the blancher by practice of holding to minimize steam requirements, using hot air from the blancher for the purpose of drying, etc. Medium to high investment options could include the recovery of sugar supplement from waste, improving the peeling machine with spring loaded knives, and replacing the original blancher with one having a higher product to steam ratio. Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

9. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Option 1 : Sale of organic waste as cattle feed The environmental benefit of Option 1 will be reduced nuisance to the neighborhood community and utilization of wastes. Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

10. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Option 2: Replacement of shower type nozzles with flat nozzles Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

11. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Option 2: Replacement of shower type nozzles with flat nozzles Savings on water conservation= 9,750 m3 x US$ 0.2 / m3 x 1.2 (i.e. 20% anticipated increase in water rate) / year = US$ 2,340 / year The wastewater volume will be reduced by 32.5 m3/day (i.e. the same as the volume of water saved) = 9,750 m3/year Savings on wastewater treatment = 9,750 m3 / year x US$ 0.15 / m3 = US$ 1,462.50 / year Total costs incurred in conserving water = Capital costs US$ 750 and annual costs of US$ 250 / year. = US$ (2,340 + 1,462.50) – US$Total annual savings = US$ 3,802.50/ year The payback on Option 2 is about 2.5 months and can be implemented immediately since it requires only a small capital investment. Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

12. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Option 3: Use of high-grade spring mounted knives for apple peeling Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

13. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solution to Worksheet 11: Preparing a Proposal for Demonstration Project and For Securing Financial Assistance Option 4: Recovery of the excess juice from blanching through concentration, for use as a sugar supplement The excess juice from the blanching process contains sugars and fine apple pieces. The collected juice can be concentrated together with peelings and cores in a crusher-cum-evaporator, and sold as a by-product to the food industry. Apart from generating revenue due to the recovery of a by-product, the implementation of Option 3 will result in substantial reduction in the BOD of the wastewater, thereby lowering the wastewater treatment costs. Costs incurred would be for the crusher-cum-evaporator equipment and working time. As there is no present operating data available on this technology option, this project may be considered as a demonstrationproject. Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

14. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Cost and Benefit Calculations: For screening the demonstration project, two types of cost-benefit analyses could be done. Optimistic scenario: Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

15. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Pessimistic scenario: Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

16. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Net Present Value (NPV) for optimistic scenario Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

17. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Net Present Value (NPV) for pessimistic scenario Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

18. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for optimistic scenario Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

19. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for pessimistic scenario Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

20. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Profitability Index (PI): Profitability Index is the ratio of present value of future cash inflows by present value of cash outlays General Formula: PI = (PV of cash inflows) (PV of cash outflows) If PV <1 The project should be rejected If PV >1 The project should be accepted Calculations:10PV of cash inflows = 61920 ∑ 1 = 7740 t=1 (1+0.08) 10PV of cash inflows = 15000 ∑ 1 = 1875 t=1 (1+0.08) Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

21. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Profitability Index (PI): PI = 7740 1875 PI = 4.128 PI is more then one therefore the project can be accepted. Solutions to Applesoft Case Work

22. Solutions and Hints to the Applesoft Worksheets Solutions to Applesoft Case Work