Fiction and Nonfiction

1. Fiction and Nonfiction

2. Fiction A made up story Can tell about things that could happen Is read for fun Characters may be like real people or imaginary Non-Fiction Has facts that can be checked and proven The author is an expert on this information. All categories of books or stories can be called either fiction or non-fiction.

3. Fiction or Nonfiction? Fiction • Story is created from the author’s imagination • Stories are pretend • Animals or objects can talk, wear clothes, have jobs • People in the story can do things people cannot really do • Story might have funny pictures

4. Forms of Fiction There are three main forms of fiction. • Novel: long work of fiction; contains the basic elements of fiction; may contain subplots along with the main plot Subplots: independent related stories • Novella: shorter than a novel but longer than a short story • Short Story: brief work of fiction; contains basic elements of fiction; one main plot; one conflict; most can be read in one sitting

5. Picture books Chapter books Comics Story books What is Fiction?Fiction is a story that isnot real.

6. Genres of Fiction Mystery (Nancy Drew) Horror (Goosebumps) Fantasy (Harry Potter) Science-fiction (Star Wars) Myths, Fairytales, Legends (Cinderella) Historical Fiction (Letters from Rifka) Can you name any others?

7. Elements of Fiction • Setting • Character • Plot • Point of View • Theme • Symbolism • Other

8. Nonfiction Fiction or Nonfiction? • Story is true and factual • Stories are about real people • Book gives information • Might have maps or real pictures • Pictures have captions describing the photograph • An index in the back helps find information • Might have a glossary which defines some words

9. What is Non-Fiction? Text that is TRUE and based on REAL information Forms of Non-Fiction Text: Newspapers Dictionaries Encyclopedias Scholastic News Textbooks Magazines Non-Fiction Books

10. Forms of Nonfiction Two broad categories of nonfiction are literary nonfiction and functional texts. • Literary Nonfiction: has elements of fiction; For example it might use vivid descriptions, a dramatic writing style, or poetic language. • Functional Texts: give instructions, show directions, explain rules, provide other information that helps you complete procedures; often use illustrations or graphics

11. Literary Nonfiction • Autobiographies and memoirs: tell the story of the author’s life • Biographies: tell the story of someone’s life from the perspective of another writer • Letters: written communications from person to person

12. Essays and Articles: brief works about a specific topic • Reviews: tell what is good and what is bad about a work of art or performance. • Reports: give information about a topic explored through research

13. Functional Texts • Recipes: tell how to prepare food • Directions: tell how to operate or assemble equipment • Schedules: tell when events take place • Menus: tell which foods are available and their cost • Brochures: use pictures and text to advertise places or events • Maps: are diagrams that show areas of land • Applications: are written requests to an authority

14. Features of Non-Fiction • Table of Contents • Glossary • Index • Headings • Bold Print • Photographs/Real Pictures • Charts, Graphs, and Maps • Captions • Fact and Opinion

15. Table of Contents • It tells you what is in the book • It tells you the heading and the page number • It is found in the front Table of Contents What is Fiction? Page 1 What is Non-Fiction? Page 3 Features of Non-Fiction Page 5 Forms of Non-Fiction Page 10

16. Glossary • It gives you a word and its definition • It is in alphabetical order • The important words are in bold print • Usually found in the back of the text

17. Index • A list in alphabetical order of common important words or topics with page numbers • Found in the back of the text

18. Headings • They tell us what the new topic is about • Found at the top of the page or at the beginning of a new topic

19. Charts, Graphs, and Maps • Illustrations of important information • Found throughout the text

20. Fiction or Nonfiction? •  a mouse that sings •  how to cook spaghetti •  the life of the president of the United States •  a person who can jump over a house •  flowers that sing •  an elephant that wears a ballerina tutu •  wild animals that live in Africa •  the surface of the moon •  a dog that can talk •  how to grow a garden •  a moose that can drive a bus •  how the heart pumps blood in the body •  a tree made of chocolate and gumdrops •  which foods are healthy to eat •  how to draw a bird •  a snowman that comes to life

21. Elements • Setting • Character • Point of View • Plot • Theme • Narrator

22. Setting

23. Setting: the time, place and period in which the action takes place. The Bean Trees: Arizona/Oklahoma 1980s. Lord of the Flies: deserted island, the future. TheCatcher in the Rye: New York, 1940s

24. Details that describe: Furniture Scenery Customs Transportation Clothing Dialects Weather Time of day Time of year Setting Time and place are where the action occurs

25. Describe the setting.

26. Describe the setting.

27. Characters The people, animals, or things in the story.

28. Theprotagonistis the “good guy”

29. Theantagonistis the “bad guy” or force

30. Factors in Analyzing Characters • Physical appearance of character • Personality • Background/personal history • Motivation • Relationships • Conflict • Does character change?

31. Thepoint of viewis the perspective of the story “I was framed! I just wanted to borrow a cup of sugar!” “That rotten wolf tried to eat us!!!!”

32. Plot Theseries of events and actions that takes place in a story.

33. Theme • The theme of a piece of fiction is its message about life. It usually contains some insight into the human condition. • In most short stories, the theme can be expressed in a single sentence. • In longer works of fiction, the central theme is often accompanied by a number of lesser, related themes, or there may be two or more central themes.

34. Central Idea Nonfiction often conveys a central idea supported by details

35. Narrator • A speaker or a character who tells a story. • The narrator’s perspective is the way he or she sees things.

36. Dialogue • Dialogue is a conversation between two or more characters. • “Where’s teacher?” • “She’ll be back.” • “She’d better hurry, we’ll miss it!” • From “All Summer in a Day” by Ray Bradbury