IXP Innovation in Ontario: Leveraging Network Peering as Value in Collaboration OUCC2014 April 28, 2014

1. IXP Innovation in Ontario: Leveraging Network Peering as Value in CollaborationOUCC2014April 28, 2014 Michael Studniberg Ministry of Research and Innovation Ministry of Economic Development Trade and Employment Randy LaFramboise Centre for Smart Community Innovation (CSCI) University of Windsor

2. Agenda • Introduction • Background • What is an IXP? • Benefits of Peering • IT Perspective • IXPs in Canada and around the World • IXPs and Post-Secondary Institutions • A new IXP in Windsor • Other new IXPs in Ontario Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

3. Government of OntarioE-Business and Entrepreneurship • Promote the adoption of e-business and access to ultra-fast broadband connectivity by Ontario’s small and medium enterprises. • Enable them to improve their efficiencies, increase collaboration and market their goods to a global economy. Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

4. Government of OntarioBasic Broadband Programs • Broadband programs in Ontario: • Rural Connections • Building Broadband in Rural and Northern Ontario • Eastern Ontario Regional Network (EORN) • Northwestern Ontario Broadband Expansion Initiative • These will all be completed by the end of 2014 • Since 2007, Ontario invested $170 million and leveraged more than $300 million of private and federal funding to provide high-speed broadband service of at least 1.5 Megabits per second (Mbps) Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

5. Canadian Context – Urban v. Rural Close to 100% HH in communities get over 1.5 Mbps, but many rural HH rely on cellular. Close to 40% HH in communities can get 100 Mbps Rural areas have much slower speeds. Source: CRTC Communications Monitoring Report 2013 Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

6. Broadband Conduit CorridorsPercentage of customer connections that are fibre-to-the-home or fibre-to-the-building • Canada ranks 24th on the list at 2% • Canada is well behind other developed nations such as the USA and the UK Percentage of fibre connections – June 2013 - OECD broadband statistics [www.oecd.org/sti/ict/broadband] Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

7. The Role of Government in Telecom • Encourage and promote competition • Government is a large consumer of telecom services • Telecom infrastructure runs in government-owned property through rights-of-way • Telecom is regulated by the federal government (CRTC) • Many telcos in Ontario are publically-owned • Broadband is increasingly viewed as an essential service • Government services are increasingly offered online • Government should ensure equitable access to ultra-fast broadband Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

8. Centre for Smart Community Innovation - WEDnet • WEDnet was created in November 1994 to create a high-speed communications infrastructure in the Windsor-Essex region • By 1996, a consortium was formed that looked for similar interest in high-speed infrastructure. This was leveraged cooperatively, and today we have 10 Gigabit core throughput to ORION and by extension, CANARIE • WEDnet is part of Connecting Windsor-Essex (CWE), and the Centre for Smart Community Innovation has been mandated to support the network and its related activities • WEDnet today is a Regional Advanced Network (RAN) that depends on regional collaboration, both public and private sector, for Intelligent Community initiatives and innovation Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

9. CSCI – Communities and Internet "Intelligent Communities leverage information and communications technology to improve the quality of life of their residents - in the delivery of education, health care and government services." [From http://www1.uwindsor.ca/csci/] "Cisco defines the Internet of Everything (IoE) as bringing together people, process, data, and things to make networked connections more relevant and valuable than ever before-turning information into actions that create new capabilities, richer experiences, and unprecedented economic opportunity for businesses, individuals, and countries." [From http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/innov/IoE.html] Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

10. Growth in Canadian Internet Traffic 23% annual growth • Exponential growth in traffic will require Ontario’s telcos to make on-going capital investments • Sources: • CRTC Report: Navigating Convergence II: Charting Canadian Communications Change and Regulatory Implications. Convergence Policy, Policy Development and Research. August 2011 • Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2012-2017. • 1 Petabyte (PB) = 1,000,000 Gigabytes Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

11. What is an Internet Exchange Point? • Neutral facility where multiple organizations can inter-connect their networks through a central switching fabric • Share data with each other without using the public Internet • Directly sharing data is called ‘peering’ • Peering is the alternative to ‘transit’ Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

12. Who Peers at an IXP? • Historically, most peers were ISPs or RANs • Now: • digital media firms, broadcasters, software development companies including gaming companies, web hosting firms, content delivery networks, large enterprises, public sector organizations, and many more! Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

13. How Transit Works All organizations are in the same city/region Small Company $ ISP $ Internet LargeEnterprise $ $ ISP Website Hosting Company $ Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

14. How Transit Works Small Company $ ISP $ Internet LargeEnterprise $ $ ISP Website Hosting Company $ Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

15. How Transit Works • Traffic may go through other cities or even other countries • Slow • Expensive • You pay your ISP • Your ISP pays another ISP for access to the global Internet • Shouldn’t local traffic stay local? Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

16. How Peering Works Small Company $ ISP $ Internet LargeEnterprise $ $ IXP ISP Website Hosting Company $ Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

17. How Peering Works • You join the IXP as a member and lease a circuit into the IXP facility • You set up peering agreements with other members (bilateral agreements) • Traffic destined for other peers goes through the IXP instead of the Internet Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

18. Peering vs Transit • By peering, you lower the volume of traffic you send to the Internet via your ISP • Your connection to the IXP is a fixed cost • You don’t pay the other members to peer Small Company ISP IXP Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

19. Peering vs Transit • The goal is to peer sufficient traffic such that the savings realized from peering are greater than the cost of IXP membership Small Company ISP IXP Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

20. Benefits of Peering • Improved quality of service • Packets arrive at their destination faster • Less chance of encountering congested links on the Internet • Important for streaming HD video and other real-time services • Local Google, Akamai, Netflix caches Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

21. Benefits of Peering • Redundancy Source: Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

22. Benefits of Peering • Redundancy Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

23. Benefits of Peering Source: PCH for CIRA (2012) Toward Efficiencies in Canadian Internet Traffic Exchange Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

24. Benefits of Peering • Transit group buying • Peers can band together to buy transit in bulk • Better transit unit price • Attract new ISPs to the city/region • Expected savings can be up to 50% Source: Stanojevic, R, Castro, I, Gorinsky, S, CIPT: Using Tuangou to Reduce IP Transit Costs, ACM CoNext 2011, December 2011. Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

25. Benefits of Peering • Economic development perspectives • Companies lower their operational expenses • Re-invest into expansion and new employees • Attract new companies to the region • Bolster city’s reputation Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

26. IT Perspective ISP 1 ISP 2 ISP 1’s PR ISP 2’s PR Ethernet switch ISP 4’s PR ISP 3’s PR ISP 4 ISP 3 IXP Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

27. IT Perspective • Simple layer 2 architecture • Ethernet • Though ATM, frame relay, etc., IXPs do exist • Layer 3 IXPs exist (router-centric) • More work to setup and run • More expensive • More typical in for-profit ‘American model’ IXPs Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

28. IT Perspective • Redundancy • Double up everything, especially the switch! ISP 1’s PRs ISP 2’s PRs Ethernet switches ISP 4’s PRs ISP 3’s PRs Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation 28

29. IT Perspective • Value-added services • Attract new peers, improve business case ISP 1’s PRs ISP 2’s PRs Ethernet switches DNS NTP etc. ISP 4’s PRs ISP 3’s PRs Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation 29

30. IXPs around the World Source: TeleGeography’s Internet Exchange Map: http://www.internetexchangemap.com/ Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

31. IXPs around the World • There are approximately 400 exchange points around the world • Top 3: Frankfurt 600+ peers 3,400 Gbps peak Amsterdam 650 peers 2,700 Gbps peak London 515 peers 2,000 Gbps peak Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

32. IXPs in Canada • There are eight IXPs in Canada • Five are not-for-profit entities Toronto 100+ peers 146 Gbps peak Ottawa 12 peers 900 Mbps daily max Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

33. IXPs in Canada • Three new IXPs have launched in the last year! YYCIX Winnipeg Calgary Montréal Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

34. IXPs and Post-Secondary Institutions • Internationally, IXPs have a long association with colleges and universities • This is not as common in North America • Peering and research opportunities • Bring the world "closer", while bringing local resources closer • Opportunities for the next generation of Internet leaders • The "Internet of Everything" means the participation of everyone to truly succeed • Post-secondary institutions bring together new ideas with exposure to what is working now Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

35. IXPs and Post-Secondary Institutions • Vienna Internet Exchange (VIX) • Provided and operated by the University of Vienna, Austria • Redundant dual sites • The VIX Network Operations Center service is exclusively provided by staff members of the University of Vienna Computer Center • Norwegian Internet Exchange (NIX) • Owned and operated by the Centre for Information Technology Services, University of Oslo Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

36. IXPs and Post-Secondary Institutions • Hong Kong Internet Exchange (HKIX) • Founded in 1995 by the Information Technology Services Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong • Its aim is to keep all HK’s traffic in HK • Singapore Open Exchange (SOX) • Hosted by the National University of Singapore Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

37. IXPs and Post-Secondary Institutions • Malawi Internet Exchange (MIX) • Hosted at College of Medicine, University of Malawi • Malawi Internet Service Providers' Association operates the IXP • The University was one of three co-founders Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

38. ANew IXP in Windsor • MEDTE/MRI has been working with Windsor’s CSCI • Windsor is a suitable location for a new IXP • Windsor is a designated Intelligent Community (2011) by the Intelligent Community Forum • Most of Windsor’s Internet traffic must travel through Toronto, even if its destination is also in Windsor • Transit in the region is expensive compared to other urban areas • The region is transitioning away from its traditional manufacturing-sector past Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

39. A New IXP in Windsor • An IXP in the Windsor-Essex region is the next logical step in enabling enhanced communication and participating in a global economy. • The "Internet of Everything" involves the participation of everybody. • The two quotes from earlier have this in common...quality of life, collaboration, improving economic circumstance and services. But the only way it starts is by communication...and by having the framework to achieve it... • Who should be involved? Anybody who leverages the Internet to do business! Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

40. ANew IXP in Windsor • Presented to CWE board of directors and won approval to proceed • Support from the local technology accelerator, WEtech Alliance, a member of the ONE, and from the Windsor-Essex Small Business Centre • Currently focused on raising awareness, outreach to industry, and securing funding for marketing and capital expenses Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation

41. Current & Potential Internet Exchange Points in OntarioFOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY To Thunder Bay QIX Montreal OTTIX Ottawa Sudbury-North Bay Orillia-Barrie TORIX Toronto London-Waterloo Kingston St Catharines Draft for Discussion 41 To Chicago Windsor Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation To New York

42. Thank you! Michael Studniberg Randy LaFramboise Network and Systems SpecialistCentre for Smart Community Innovation (CSCI) - ITSUniversity of Windsor R.Laframboise@uwindsor.ca Senior Analyst Engineer Government of Ontario (416) 212-6176 michael.studniberg@ontario.ca Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Employment Ministry of Research and Innovation