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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY (1800 – 1828)

JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY (1800 – 1828). 1. ELECTION OF 1800. “Revolution of 1800” Adams v. Jefferson (again) Major Issues: - Expansion of Military - Foreign Affairs - Alien & Sedition Acts. 2. ELECTION OF 1800 . DR President DR Congress Federalist Supreme Court. 3.

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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY (1800 – 1828)

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  1. JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY(1800 – 1828) 1

  2. ELECTION OF 1800 • “Revolution of 1800” • Adams v. Jefferson (again) • Major Issues: • - Expansion of Military • - Foreign Affairs • - Alien & Sedition Acts 2

  3. ELECTION OF 1800 • DR President • DR Congress • Federalist Supreme Court 3

  4. JEFFERSON’S PHILOSOPHY • Small govt. • Majority rule • Strict Conststructionism • Agrarian Democracy 4

  5. A “NATION OF FARMERS” • Govt. support farming • Cities; factories corrupt people • End land speculation • Limit power of upper class 5

  6. EXAMPLE POLICIES • Westward expansion • Free/cheap farm land • Small Army/Navy • Cut taxes and govt. spending 6

  7. LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803) • French Revolution ends • Napoleon becomes Emperor • Spain cedes Louisiana toFrance 7

  8. FRENCH EMPIRE 8

  9. 9

  10. LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803) • Napoleonic Wars ($$) • Loses Haiti (last colony) • Sells Louisiana to US • US doubles in size • Americans begin to push west 10

  11. 11

  12. LEWIS & CLARK (1803-1805) - Created land route to Pacific Ocean - “Discovered” 300 new species - Richness of West documented; fuels expansion 12

  13. QUICK WRITE - JEFFERSONIAN?? • Jefferson, and the Republicans, believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution • More importantly, they believed in using only the enumerated powers of govt. (i.e. no use of the “Elastic” Clause). • In your opinion, was the Louisiana Purchase an example of his Republican beliefs? • Or did Jefferson act more like a Federalist, using a loose interpretation in this acquisition? • Please explain your answer. 13

  14. MORE PROBLEMS W/ BRITAIN & FRANCE • Napoleonic Wars (1802-1814) • Problems w/ neutrality • Hurts US trade • Blockades • Impressment 14

  15. BLOCKADE 15

  16. EMBARGO ACT (1807) • Jefferson wants neutrality • Stop abuses by Britain & France • Embargo Act: Goal: Respect US neutrality • Underestimates France & Britain 16

  17. US REACTIONS TO EMBARGO ACT • Hurts US more than Europe • Public Outrage! • US Exports in 1806: $108 Million • US Exports in 1808: $22 Million • Recession 17

  18. POLITICAL CARTOON c. 1808 18

  19. BARBARY PIRATES, ARRR! - Mediterranean Sea • Capture ships; ransom • Demand “tribute” - No Navy; need warships? - Barbary Wars (1802) - “to the shores of Tripoli” 19

  20. WAR OF 1812 • War w/ Britain • 3 years • “Mr. Madison’s War” • MA refuses to fight • “Star Spangled Banner” • Unexpected Result: • Increases LocalManufacturing 20

  21. MAJOR BATTLES • Invasion of Canada • Battle of Washington, DC • Battle of Baltimore • Battle of New Orleans 21

  22. USS CONSTITUTION ( c. 1812) • “Old Ironsides” • Still in Boston Harbor today!! 22

  23. IMPACTS OF WAR • Increase in factories (N.) • US borders remain same • Increased sectionalism (N. v. S.) • Andrew Jackson --> military hero 23

  24. HENRY CLAY'S AMERICAN SYSTEM • Boost economy; industrial growth 1.) Protective Tarriffs 2.) Internal Improvements 3.) Creation of 2nd US Bank 24

  25. EFFECTS OF AMERICAN SYSTEM • Road/Bridge construction • Transportation networks for interstate trade • Expand Army/Navy • Increases in interstate trade • US Bank stabilizes currency; dollar becomes more valuable • Promote nationalism 25

  26. ERIE CANAL (1817) 26

  27. CANALS c. 1850 27

  28. CUMBERLAND ROAD (1811) 28

  29. TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS c. 1840 29

  30. “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” • Easy passage of DR laws • Govt. gets along • “Virginia Dynasty” • Jefferson • Madison • Monroe 30

  31. JACKSON TAKES FLORIDA (1819) • Spain controls FL • Border problems (Indian attacks) • Monroe to Jackson: Stop border raids • Jackson invades FL;Spain surrenders • Annexes FL 31

  32. BORDER NEGOTIATIONS (1818 – 1820) • Rush-Bagot Treaty (1818) • Convention of 1818 (duh!) • Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) • Annexation of Florida (1819) 32

  33. US BOUNDARIES c. 1820 33

  34. MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) • MO: Slave or Free? • Applies as slave-state • Blocked by North 34

  35. MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) • LET'S MAKE A DEAL!!!!! • Clay to make compromise • Terms: 1.) MO is slave state 2.) ME is free state 3.) Slavery illegal NORTH of MO 35

  36. 36

  37. MONROE DOCTRINE (1820) • Monroe post-war President (1816-1824) • No major accomplishments • Goal: end European colonization in Americas • Create national identity 37

  38. SECTIONALISM INCREASES.... • Missouri Compromise brings the issue of slavery to the front burner in US politics • Country begins to divide: North & South; Free & Slave • Meanwhile, Americans continue to push west • What to do about.... • Oklahoma? • Arkansas? • Oregon? • Kansas? • Nebraska? 38

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