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FLORENCE

FLORENCE. FLORENCE. FLORENCE. FOUNDED BY ROMANS ON ARNO RIVER IN TUSCANY ECONOMY BASED ON AGRICULTURE AND TRADE - ESPECIALLY CLOTH POPULATION = 90,000. FIFTH LARGEST IN EUROPE. VENICE. MILAN FLORENCE ROME. GEOGRAPHY & DAILY LIFE. DIVIDED INTO DISTRICTS

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FLORENCE

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  1. FLORENCE

  2. FLORENCE

  3. FLORENCE • FOUNDED BY ROMANS ON ARNO RIVER IN TUSCANY • ECONOMY BASED ON AGRICULTURE AND TRADE - ESPECIALLY CLOTH • POPULATION = 90,000. FIFTH LARGEST IN EUROPE

  4. VENICE MILAN FLORENCE ROME

  5. GEOGRAPHY & DAILY LIFE • DIVIDED INTO DISTRICTS • SOCIAL CLASSES LIVED SIDE BY SIDE • “NATURE’S CLOCK” REGULATED DAILY ROUTINE

  6. MAJOR MONUMENTS • PALAZZO DELLA SIGNORIA OR PALAZZO VECCHIO, 1298-1310

  7. PONTE VECCHIO (BRIDGE), 1333-1345

  8. DUOMO (S. MARIA DEL FIORE), 1290- 1436

  9. FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, 1419

  10. SAN LORENZO, 1440’S • PRIVATE PALACES: RUCELLAI, STROZZI, PITTI, MEDICI

  11. ECONOMY • ONE THIRD OF POPULATION DEPENDED ON WOOLEN INDUSTRY • 1,200,00 FLORINS ANNUALLY • LANA & CALIMALA GUILDS

  12. CAMBIO = BANKING GUILD. • BECAME BANKERS TO POPES. • BARDI, PERUZZI, & FRESCOBALDI FIRMS OPERATED THROUGHOUT EUROPE

  13. FLORENTINE REPUBLIC • ONLY MEMBERS OF 21 GUILDS WERE ELIGIBLE FOR OFFICE (5 - 6OOO) • ORDINANCES OF JUSTICE, 1293 BARRED NOBLES (GRANDI) FROM OFFICE

  14. WORKERS FORBIDDEN TO HAVE GUILDS. NO POLITICAL RIGHTS.

  15. FLORENTINE REPUBLIC • WORKERS’ FRUSTRATION LED TO CIOMPI REVOLT, JUNE 1378 • LOCK OUT RETURNED CITY TO STATUS QUO

  16. SIGNORIA OR COLLEGE OF PRIORS • DOMESTIC & FOREIGN POLICY • INITIATED LEGISLATION • TWO MONTH TERM : LIVED IN PALAZZO DELLA SIGNORIA • ADVISED BY THE “TWELVE” AND THE “SIXTEEN”

  17. APPOINTED LOWER OFFICIALS • SHORT TERMS LESSENED BURDEN OF OFFICE • BUT HAMPERED CONTINUITY • TO DEAL WITH DRAWBACK: • SOME PERMANENT CIVIL SERVANTS

  18. REQUESTED ADVICE OF RESPECTED FLORENTINE CITIZENS • APPOINTED SPECIAL COMMITTEES TO DEAL WITH LONG TERM TASKS

  19. SIGNORIA INITIATED LAWS • TWO LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES VOTED ON SIGNORIA’S LEGISLATION • COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE (POPOLO) • COUNCIL OF THE COMMUNE • TOTALED 500 MEMBERS

  20. FLORENTINE REPUBLIC SIGNORIA COUNCIL OF PEOPLE COUNCIL OF COMMUNE

  21. POWER IN THE REPUBLIC • “OLD FAMILIES” LIKE ALBIZZI VERSUS “NEW FAMILIES” • MERCHANT ARISTOCRATS • OLIGARCHY ? • INCLUDED MINOR GUILDS, BUT SYSTEM INSURED “BEST PEOPLE” WERE ELECTED

  22. FLORENTINE TAX SYSTEM • GABELLE = TAX ON WINE & SALT • LOANS • MONTE DELLA DOTTE = DOWRY FUND • AFTER 1427, CATASTO = TAX ON WEALTH

  23. FACTIONS • POLITICAL & ECONOMIC • FAMILY FACTIONS • 1430’S TWO POLITICAL “PARTIES”: ALBIZZI & MEDICI • OLD VERSUS NEW FAMILIES, BUT TIES WITHIN EACH PERSONAL

  24. TRIUMPH OF MEDICI • COSIMO DE’ MEDICI HEADED LARGEST BANK IN EUROPE • COSIMO’S POLITICAL SKILL: LOANS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS • MANIPULATED ELECTORAL SYSTEM TO FILL KEY OFFICES • EXILED MOST DANGEROUS

  25. COSIMO DE MEDICI • AVOIDED PUBLIC OFFICE • JUST AN “ORDINARY CITIZEN”

  26. MEDICI REGIME 1434-1494 • CO-OP OF A GROUP OF FAMILIES • COSIMO, PIERO, & LORENZO DE MEDICI • DIRECT SELECTION OF SIGNORIA

  27. FICTION THAT REPUBLIC LIVED • MOST SAW STABILITY

  28. PAZZI CONSPIRACY • FAMILY RIVALRY • LORENZO VS. SIXTUS IV • PLOT TO ASSASSINATE LORENZO INVOLVING PAZZI & POPE • GIULIANO KILLED. LORENZO WOUNDED • SUPPORT FOR MEDICI STRONGER

  29. GOLDEN AGE OF MEDICI • FLORENCE AT PEACE AS RESULT OF LORENZO’S SHIFTING OF ALLIANCES • PATRONAGE OF THE ARTS: DONATELLO & MICHELANGELO

  30. AGE OF MEDICI ALSO AGE OF FRA ANGELICO, ALBERTI, FILIPPO LIPPI, UCCELLO, AND LEONARDO DA VINCI

  31. REVIVAL OF REPUBLIC • PIERO DE MEDICI OVERTHROWN IN 1494 • REPUBLIC RESTORED WITH MORE REPRESENTATIVE GREAT COUNCIL

  32. NEW CIVIC PRIDE EMBODIED IN COMMISSIONS TO LEONARDO DA VINCI & MICHELANGELO: DAVID

  33. RETURN OF THE MEDICI • 1512, SPANISH ARMY ALLIED WITH PAPACY RESTORED MEDICI RULE • 1513, MEDICI POPE: LEO X • 1532, SIGNORIA ABOLISHED AND MEDICI = DUKES OF FLORENCE

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