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GEO 265 GIS Practicuum

GEO 265 GIS Practicuum. Wednesday / Friday 1:00 p.m. - 2:50 p.m. Wilkinson Hall 210 (“Digital Earth”) 3 credits. Teaching Assistant. Janine Rice. ricejan@geo.oregonstate.edu Tues, 2:00-3:00 Wed, 3:00-4:00 Wilkinson 210. Dr. Dawn Wright. dawn@dusk.geo.orst.edu 114 Wilkinson Hall

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GEO 265 GIS Practicuum

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  1. GEO 265GIS Practicuum Wednesday / Friday 1:00 p.m. - 2:50 p.m. Wilkinson Hall 210 (“Digital Earth”) 3 credits

  2. Teaching Assistant Janine Rice ricejan@geo.oregonstate.edu Tues, 2:00-3:00 Wed, 3:00-4:00 Wilkinson 210

  3. Dr. Dawn Wright dawn@dusk.geo.orst.edu 114 Wilkinson Hall 737-1229 Office Hours: Wednesday / Thursday 3:00 - 4:00 p.m. or by appointment

  4. Who Am I? Professor of Geography & Oceanography • B.S. in Geology • Wheaton College in Illinois • M.S. in Oceanography • Texas A&M • Ph.D. in Physical Geography & Marine Geology • UC-Santa Barbara

  5. “ Deepsea Dawn ” (cont.) Research Interests • Application and analytical issues in GIS for oceanographic data • Seafloor-spreading centers • volcanic, hydrothermal, & tectonic processes • analysis and interpretation of camera, submersible, & bathymetric data

  6. Who Are YOU?? Your CLASS level Your Major Your Email address (or phone # if you don’t have email) Experience with Computers (Windows XP?) Your Expectations for this class syllabus

  7. Class Format • Grade based on exercises, 1 major project, 1 exam, and attendance Hands-on Exercises & Projects Some Theory

  8. Challenges / Survival Tips • Prerequisites for this course? • Please READ your syllabus! • “Think for yourself” factor • Exercises progressing to the project…. • Be aware of potential problems... • Please be patient... • Keeping everyone at same pace • Can’t always see who is first • Grads: remember this is GEO 265 • Foresters: FE 357 for Forest Engineers

  9. Textbooks Required Books: GIS Concepts & ArcView Methods GIS Concepts & ArcGIS Methods Optional Books: Getting to Know ArcView Getting to Know ArcGIS

  10. Computer Essentials • Zip disk or CD-RW for backups • 200 Mb storage on server, NOT on C: • Bring headphones for private listening • Login and password: • Use your ONID login/password to avoid confusion • Temporary login • login: geo265guest, password: geo265 • Login and map to network drive • //sci-geo/geo265 • Add network printer

  11. Important Web Sites Course web site: dusk.geo.orst.edu/arc GIS@OSU: www.geo.orst.edu/ucgis General GIS info.: www.gis.com

  12. Some Basic GIS Concepts... • Mapping is a key feature of a GIS but it is NOT the whole story. • A GIS is NOT simply a computer system for MAKING maps • maps at different scales, projections, colors • not simply a computer system for STORING maps or images. • In fact, it stores the DATA from which these are created.

  13. An Analysis Tool... • for every piece of data it specifies: • what it is • where it is • how it relates to other pieces of data • things in common • see spatial relationships or create NEW relationships

  14. Major Questions for a GIS: • what exists at a certain location? • where are certain conditions satisfied? • what has changed in a place over time? • what spatial patterns exist? • what if this condition occurred at this place? (modelling, hypothesis testing)

  15. For example... Toxic Substance Locations: District 24 District 16 14 George Boulevard School Locations: 124 Elm Street 35 White Road

  16. School Locations Toxic Substances

  17. Major Questions for YOU... • what ARE my questions? • what data do I need? • how can I combine my data to answer my questions?

  18. The Process of GIS • Think about a place or a topic ... • Ask a question about it ... • Use data to make a map ... • Explore the patterns that appear ... • Enhance the data or modify the analysis ... • Ask a new question … • Repeat ...

  19. The World in a Box • Select one example of a GIS application from the film • Think about the following questions: • What is the problem or conflict? • How was GIS used to help solve the problem or present solutions? • What are some of the constraints or precautions that one must be aware of in using these technologies?

  20. Spatial and Non-Spatial Data

  21. Geographically-referenced data (?) • Latitude and longitude • Street address • x and y coordinates • Range and township • Location shown on a map

  22. The Data Model • A conceptual description (mental model) of how data are organized for use by the GIS • Real world ---> Computer objects • GISs have traditionally used either “raster” or “vector” data models

  23. Flat File Vector-based line 4753456 623412 4753436 623424 4753462 623478 4753432 623482 4753405 623429 4753401 623508 4753462 623555 4753398 623634 Raster-based line Flat File 0000000000000000 0001100000100000 1010100001010000 1100100001010000 0000100010001000 0000100010000100 0001000100000010 0010000100000001 0111001000000001 0000111000000000 0000000000000000 Rasters and Vectors(Field and Objects)

  24. Grid extent Grid cell s w o R Resolution Columns Figure 3.1 Generic structure for a grid. (Clarke, 2000) A Raster Data Model Uses a Grid.

  25. Rasters are Faster... • maps directly onto computer memory structure (array). • natural for scanned or remotely sensed data. • continuous surfaces. • easy to understand, read, write, draw • Spatial analytical operations are faster. • compression is easier

  26. The Vector (Object) Model • Vector data model evolved into the arc/node variation in the 1960s. • Points in sequence build lines. • Lines have a direction - nodes or ordering of the points. • Lines in sequence build polygons.

  27. Vector Feature Types Feature Type Single Part Multi-Part Point Line Area Annotation H I G 10 H W Y A

  28. Vector Model Featuring Arcs and Nodes

  29. Arc-Node Combo Eliminates Redundancy of Storage

  30. Vectors and Topology • Vectors without topology are spaghetti structures. • Points, lines, and areas • stored in their own files, with links between them. • stored w/ topology (i.e. the connecting arcs and left and right polygons). • Relationships are computed and stored

  31. Topology Graphic 2, -7, 5, 6

  32. “ Rasters are Faster, but Vectors are Correcter... ” • Vectors can represent point, line, and area features very accurately. • Far more efficient than grids. • Work well with pen and light-plotting devices and tablet digitizers. • Not as good at continuous coverages or plotting that fill areas.

  33. Attribute data • Attribute data are stored logically in flat files. • i.e., matrix of numbers and values stored in rows and columns, like a spreadsheet.

  34. GIS “Layers,” “Themes,” “Overlays”

  35. Analysis or “Geoprocessing”

  36. Questions??

  37. First Reading Assignment “Exercise 0” Chapters 1-2, 4, 10 of GIS Concepts and ArcView Methods

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