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Mark Welland Nanoscience Centre University of Cambridge Email: mew10@cam.ac.uk Web: http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk

Nano- the smallest technology the greatest challenges. Mark Welland Nanoscience Centre University of Cambridge Email: mew10@cam.ac.uk Web: http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk. Luzern, 20 th April 2004. I. Richard Feynman, 1960 and 1983. II.

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Mark Welland Nanoscience Centre University of Cambridge Email: mew10@cam.ac.uk Web: http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk

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  1. Nano- the smallest technology the greatest challenges Mark Welland Nanoscience Centre University of Cambridge Email: mew10@cam.ac.uk Web: http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk Luzern, 20th April 2004

  2. I Richard Feynman, 1960 and 1983

  3. II Norio Taniguchi, Tokyo Science University, 1971

  4. V Length scales Magnetic domain Electron Mean Free Path Light Phonon Wavelength 300 K 5 K Plasmon wavelength Molecules Scanned probe methods 0.1 1 10 100 1000 nanometres

  5. 400 Oe 100 Oe 100 Oe Shape, size and B-H loops 300nm 2.5nm thick Permalloy

  6. SPM

  7. H. Rohrer, IBM

  8. Nanotechnology • Enabling technology • Ultimate precision to fabricate materials and devices • Creation of new materials and devices • Learning from life • Impacts all technology sectors

  9. Science & Technology-some observations

  10. Scientists divorced from reality • Accelerating pace of technology • Public scares eg BSE, GM, MMR, human genome • Ubiquitous information • No such thing as never

  11. Nano-concerns

  12. Is it different to any other technology? • Are there any real concerns? • Balance present vs future • Need to make informed judgements • Need to communicate

  13. Environment and health-Nanoparticles

  14. They are not new!…not good enough • Are there proven and appropriate toxicology protocols? • Balance positive vs negative • Consider life cycle analysis • Evidence and concerns re toxicity of eg nanotubes and titania

  15. Ethics-Nano-sensing

  16. Combines ubiquitous sensing and ubiquitous information • Intrusion of privacy • Labelling • Stratification of society • Insurance

  17. What can scientists do?

  18. Hype is a two edged sword • Communicate • Broaden education to include some exposure to ethical, societal and environmental issues

  19. “Nanotechnology has given us the tools…to play with the ultimate toy box of nature – atoms and molecules. Everything is made from it….The possibilities to create new things appear limitless” Horst Stormer Lucent Technologies and Columbia University, Nobel Prize winner.

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