130 likes | 137 Views
Student mobility in Europe. Trends and challenges Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA. Student mobility in Europe Council of Europe. Introduction and methodological considerations Europe on the global student mobility map
E N D
Student mobility in Europe. Trends and challenges Bernd Wächter, Director, ACA Student mobility in Europe Council of Europe
Introduction and methodological considerations Europe on the global student mobility map Student flows between EU members states and “Eastern Partnership countries” (including Moldova) Concluding assessment Roadmap
No such thing as student mobility as such. We are faced with ‘mobilities’ and must differentiate By type: degree vs. credit (i.e. non-degree, temporary, exchange) By direction: inbound vs. outbound By ‘nature’: vertical vs. horizontal By level of study: ISCED 5B, 5A (Bachelor + Master), 6 By the method of measurement: yearly basis (census-type statistics) vs. ‘event’ of mobility in the course of study (surveys) By funding mechanism: mobility within programmes vs. free-mover (self-organised and funded) mobility Introduction (1)
Coverage of this presentation – degree mobility Measured by nationality (imperfect proxy for mobility) - foreign students & study abroad students Data source: UOE data collection (UIS - UNESCO Institute of Statistics; OECD; EUROSTAT): Strength: internationally comparable, same definitions Weaknesses: high level of aggregation – ISCED 5A; less recent (2006/07) Analyses taken from ACA study Mapping mobility in European higher education (Bonn, 2011) Introduction (2)
Foreign students in the EU (+ 4 countries) (N = 1 507 475) Foreign students with EU 57 525 (3.8%) nationalities studying in the EU (in other countries than their country of origin) 575 493 (38.2%) Foreign students with non-EU nationalities studying in the EU area 874 457 (58.0%) Unknown nationalities 2. The EU on the global mobility map (2006/07)
Outbound: Europe-31 on the global mobility map (2006/07) (2) (N = 672 786)
The common feature of the Europe 31 area is: heterogenity. Overall, Europe attracts 51% of global student mobility. Close to 2/3 of all foreign students in the EU are concentrated in 3 countries only: the UK, Germany and France. Net importer countries: Western and Northern Europe - net exporter countries: Central and Eastern as well as Southern Europe). Inbound: Europe -31 on the global mobility map (2006/07) (3)
Average share of foreign students in Europe-31 is 6.9%. Wide spread: UK, AT and CH near 20%. In PL, TR and SK, the share is under 1%. Similar differences in study abroad: more Cypriots study abroad than in their own country(138:100). But: only 1 in 100 UK student does. Examples of heterogenity
Student flows between EU members states and “Eastern Partnership countries”(1)
Student flows between EU members states and Eastern Partnership countries (2006/07) (2)
Student flows between the EU members states and Eastern Partnership countries(2006/07) (3)
Across Europe 31: heterogenity Eastern partnership countries/Moldova: exodus of students (high outbound degree mobility) - also and in particular to EU and Europe as a whole. Push factors Eastern Partnership countries/Moldova: hardly any inbound degree mobility (severe in-out imbalance) Degree mobility: only part of mobility picture Credit mobility: very little information. Assumption: low outbound rates from Eastern Partnership countries. Credit mobility a sign of mature HE systems. Concluding assessment
Thank you for your attention! Bernd.waechter@aca-secretariat.be www.aca-secretariat.be Thanks