1 / 27

Muslim World

Muslim World. Chapter 11. The Arabian Peninsula. Geography Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Trade routes converged at Arabian Peninsula Ideas as well as merchandise exchanged Trade-dependent towns rose near coasts Mecca , near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns.

shika
Download Presentation

Muslim World

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Muslim World Chapter 11

  2. The Arabian Peninsula • Geography • Farming limited in Arabia • Commerce lively • Trade routes converged at Arabian Peninsula • Ideas as well as merchandise exchanged • Trade-dependent towns rose near coasts • Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns • Religious purpose • The Kaaba, at heart of Mecca • Site drew religious pilgrims • One god considered supreme: Allah

  3. Islam • monotheistic • Prophet Muhammad said to have heard the calling of God • journey from Mecca to Medina • turning point for Islam. • Quran contains the sacred word • final authority on all matters.

  4. Islam – Way of Life • Sharia • the Islamic system of law • regulated moral conduct • family life • business practices • Government • Unlike the West • the Sharia does not separate religious matters from criminal or civil law.

  5. Qur’an Five Pillars of Islam • Muslims read from Qur’an to hear Allah’s teachings • Seek religious experience in rhythm, beauty of words • Full meaning known only in original Arabic language • Translations not true representation • Five basic acts of worship central to Islam, Five Pillars of Islam • Profession of faith • Performance of five daily prayers • Giving of alms to poor, needy • Fasting during month of Ramadan • Make pilgrimage to Mecca Basic Belief • Followers memorized Muhammad's words, some wrote them down

  6. Five Pillars of Islam • Profession of Faith • “There is no god but God…” • By affirmation, Muslim signals acceptance of the faith • Denies existence of other gods, accepts Muhammad as prophet • Five Daily Prayers • Worshippers say daily prayers five times during day • Always face Mecca to pray, no matter where they are • Giving Alms to Poor, Needy • Muslims supposed to give percentage of income to charity • Even those with little encouraged to help others • Fasting During Ramadan • Muslims required to go without food, drink, dawn to dusk • Ramadan when Muhammad began to report messages written down in Qur’an

  7. Spread of Islam

  8. Movements within Islam SUFI SHIITES SUNNI • Believed caliph, or successor to Muhammad, should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community. • Viewed caliph as a leader, not as a religious authority. • Believed that only descendants of Muhammad could become caliph. • Believed descendants of Muhammad to be divinely inspired. • Sought to communicate with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals.

  9. The Umayyads and the Abbassids • These powerful caliphates ruled the Islamic world • expanded the Arab empire • brought about a golden age in Muslim civilization.

  10. UMAYYADS ABBASSIDS • Set up dynasty that ruled until 750 • Conquered lands from Atlantic to the Indus Valley • Relied on local officials to govern the empire • Faced economic tensions between wealthy and poor Arabs • Overthrew the Umayyads in 750 • Ended Arab dominance and helped make Islam a universal religion • Empire of the caliphs reached its greatest wealth and power • Muslim civilization enjoyed a golden age

  11. Advances MEDICINE ASTRONOMY MATHEMATICS PHILOSOPHY • Scholars tried to harmonize Greek ideas of reason with religious teachings of Islam. • IbnKhaldun set standards for scientific study of history. • Government set up hospitals with emergency rooms. • Muhammad al-Razi studied measles and smallpox. • IbnSina wrote a medical encyclopedia. • Surgeons developed treatment for cataracts. • Scholars studied Indian and Greek mathematics. • Al-Khwarizmi pioneered the study of algebra and wrote mathematics textbook that became standard in Europe. • Al-Khwarizmi developed astronomical tables. • Astronomers calculated circumference of the Earth.

  12. Islam in India • In the 1100s, Muslim invaders entered northern India and organized a sultanate • land ruled by a sultan. • Sultans introduced Muslim traditions of government to India. • Many Turks, Persians, and Arabs migrated to India to serve as soldiers or officials. • Trade between India and the Muslim world increased.

  13. Ottoman and Safavid Empires

  14. Gunpowder • the Mughals ruled India, the Ottomans, and the Safavids dominated the Middle East and parts of Eastern Europe. • new military technology • cannons and muskets. • “the age of gunpowder empires.”

  15. Fears • The fears to Islam • Negative stereotypes about Islam • “the enemy within” • “Islamic terrorists” • General stereotypes of Muslims: • as barbaric, irrational, fanatic, supportive of terrorism, oppressive of women • simply: Anti-American • biases • spread prejudices & stereotypes

  16. Measure your fear Prejudice Stereotyping Hate Crimes: Verbal & Physical Abuse Vandalism & Arson of Mosques & shops Murder Defamation Slander Attack by Media Profiling Breach of Civil liberties Discrimination Alienation

  17. Historical implications Based on deeply embedded cultural biases • Crusades & Inquisition • Holy War • Renaissance • excluded Muslims • Colonial times • Orientalists portrayed Arabs & Muslims as barbarian & primitive to justify colonial conquests

  18. Myth 1 - Islam is a monolithic bloc • Around 1.4 Billion Muslims in the world • Only 18% are Arabs • Largest Muslim population • Indonesia 201M. • 55M Russia • 100M India • 24 in EU • 7-10 US (2nd largest religion) • Muslims comprise 4000 ethnic groups in 128 countries • Muslims follow no single religious authority – no priesthood

  19. Myth 2: Islam condones violence against non-Muslims • Aggression is a vice in Islam • The Prophet defined the Muslim as one causing no verbal or physical harm to others • Islam’s greeting to everyone is “peace be upon you” • Murder of one person or causing devastation of any form is equated with killing all humanity • “Jihad” • Striving to do good for the sake of God • A broad concept

  20. Myth 3: Terrorism is Islamic - a fundamentalist duty • Terrorism : Defined as “devastation on land”“killing people & destroying crops” • Recognized as most heinous crime • Punishment for terrorism: execution, crucifixion or exile • Trial first. • Terrorism as a phenomena • Hitler vsBinLaden

More Related