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Sentences in English

Sentences in English. Simple, Compound, and Complex. There are three basic types of sentences in English. A simple sentence has one clause . [ AJ and her sister lived in Spain. ] [ It is sunny. ] A compound sentence has two clauses .

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Sentences in English

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  1. Sentences in English Simple, Compound, and Complex

  2. There are three basic types of sentences in English. • A simple sentence has one clause. [AJ and her sisterlived in Spain.] [ Itis sunny.] • A compound sentence has two clauses. [ AJlived in Spain], and [ shelived in Japan. ] [ Itis sunny], but [ itis not warm. ] • A complex sentencehas two clauses. [ AJlived in Spain][when shewas 25. ] [ Although itis sunny], [itis not warm. ]

  3. A simple sentence… • is one independent clause with a period at the end, so it only has one subject/verb pair. AJlivedin Spain. Peteratedinner. • The subject can be joined by a coordinator. AJ and her sisterlivedin Spain. Peter and his friendate dinner. • The verb can also be joined by a coordinator. AJlived and workedin Spain. Peter made and atedinner.

  4. A compound sentence… The 7 Coordinators (FAN BOYS) and yet but nor or for so • is two independent clauses joined by a coordinator [FAN BOYS], so it has two subject/verb pairs. (compound)He lives in Vancouver, but he works in Portland. (simple)They were hungry so ate dinner. • Should always have a comma in academic English. My mother valued education, so she took night classes. Now she is an attorney, and she enjoys her work . • Should have its clauses logically connected. (GOOD)My mother is an attorney, and she enjoys her work. (BAD)My mother is an attorney, and my sister is a teenager.

  5. A complex sentence… Common subordinators: although because if since unless whereas when while before after until as soon as that who which • is an independent and dependent clause joined by a subordinator [if, because, etc.], so it has two subject/verb pairs. (complex) Although he lives in Salem, he works in Portland. (simple)She was poor but very happy. • has a dependent clause that cannot be a sentence alone. (WRONG!!)After I came to Portland. (RIGHT!!)After I came to Portland, my English improved. • Uses a comma when the dependent clause is first. (comma)If you finish early, meet us at the library. (no comma)Meet us at the library if you finish early.

  6. Now you try…SS, CS, or XS? • He picked up the phone. • He picked up the phone, and he called his mom. • He picked up the phone and called his mom. • He picked up the phone when his mom called. • The Green Party candidate from the southern part of the state has raised over $100,000. • I’ll come if you want. • Drive faster or we’ll miss the show. SS CS SS XS SS XS CS

  7. Problems to avoid… #1don’t use a coordinator and subordinator in the same sentence Although my mother spoke Swahili, but my father did not. (use just the subordinator) Although my mother spoke Swahili, my father did not. (use just the coordinator) My mother spoke Swahili, but my father did not. Wrong!!! What can you do?

  8. Problems to avoid… #2don’t use a comma if the dependent clause is second. I came here to study, because I need English for my job. (delete the comma) I came here to study because I need English for my job. (move the dependent clause) Because I need English for my job, I came here to study. Wrong!!! What can you do?

  9. Problems to avoid… #3don’t use a dependent clause by itself. After I came to the U.S. (add the independent clause) After I came to the United States, my English improved a lot. My English improved a lot after I came to the United States. Wrong!!! What can you do?

  10. Sentences Errors in English Frag, CS, and RO

  11. There are alsothreebasic types of sentence errors in academic English. • A sentence fragment (Frag) My father a very smart man. Because tatami floors are made of straw. • A comma splice (CS) My cousin is an engineer, he lives in Syria. Kimchee seems exotic, it is easy to make. • A run-on sentence (RO) As the Serengeti is a big place there are many animals there. I have met many wonderful people at PSU many of themare Buddhists.

  12. (1) Sentence Fragments… #1clause w/out a verb My father a very important man. My sisters taller than my father. (add the verb ) My father is a very important man. (add the verb) My sisters are taller than my father. Speakers of languages w/out a BE verb, like Arabic, often make this error. Frag (missing verb) What can you do?

  13. (1) Sentence Fragments… #2clause w/out a subject Is very important to clean the rice first. In UAE is very beautiful. (add the subject ) It is very important to clean the rice first. (add the subject) In UAE, the land is very beautiful. UAE is very beautiful. Speakers of languages that don’t need subjects, like Spanish, often make this error. Frag (missing subject) What can you do?

  14. (1) Sentence Fragments… #3dep clause w/out an ind clause After the rain stopped. Because tatami floors are made of straw. (add the ind clause ) We began after the rain stopped. (add the ind clause) Shoes are also taken off because tatami floors are made of straw. In spoken English, a dep clause alone is ok, so many American students make this error when they write. Frag (complex sentence not complete) What can you do?

  15. (2) Comma Splice errors… #1missing conjunction My cousin is an engineer, he lives in Syria. Kimchee seems exotic, it is easy to make. (add the conj )My cousin is an engineer, and he lives in Syria. (add the conj) AlthoughKimchee seems exotic, it is easy to make. Ideas of both clauses must be logically related to each other. CS (missing conj) What can you do?

  16. (2) Comma Splice errors… #2two simple sentences My cousin is an engineer, engineering is a great job. Kimchee seems exotic, I first made it when I was a girl. (change comma to period) My cousin is an engineer.Engineering is a great job. (change comma to period) Kimchee seems exotic. I first made it when I was a girl. If ideas of both clauses are not logically related, make 2 sentences. CS (2 sentences) What can you do?

  17. (3) Run-On sentences… #1forgotten comma As the Serengeti is a big place there are many animals there. I studied all night but I didn’t pass the test. (add the comma) As the Serengeti is a big place,there are many animals there. (add the comma) I studied all night, but I didn’t pass the test. Remember the comma rules for complex and compound sentences. RO (no comma) What can you do?

  18. (3) Run-On sentences… #2forgotten comma and conjunction I didn’t eat breakfast I am very hungry right now. I have met many wonderful people at PSU many of them are Buddhists. (add the comma) I didn’t eat breakfast, soI am very hungry right now. (add the comma) I have met many wonderful people at PSU, and many of them are Buddhists. RO (no comma or conj) Remember the correct ways to connect two clauses. What can you do?

  19. Now you try…Frag, CS, or RO? Frag • Before Australia entered the war. • Coffee is said to have originated in Ethiopia, a herder learned about it from his goats. • Saudi Arabia and Kuwait very close to each other. • I went to Japan I taught English there. • In some parts of my country are herds of wild horses. • Stretch slowly you must warm up your body. • Drive faster, we’ll miss the show. CS Frag RO Frag RO CS

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