Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS)

1. Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS) Forging a Whole of Government Approach to R&S Operations

2. The United States has been involved in or contributed significant resources to more than 17 post-conflict operations since the end of the Cold War. . 2

3. Major Combat Operations vs. Stability Operations 1990- 2006 • 2500 U.S. Casualty Comparison • 2000 Non-Hostile Deaths • - • 1500 U.S. Military Personnel Deaths Hostile Deaths • 1000 500 Non- Hostile Deaths • - 0 Hostile Deaths Major Combat Operations vs. Stability Operations 1990- 2006 Major Combat Operations Stability Operations • $300 • $250 Cost Comparison • $200 Billions of FY04 dollars • $150 • $100 Stability Operations Incremental Costs • $50 Major Combat Incremental Costs Stability Operations have Cost Blood and Treasure • Stability Operations take place in hostile environments • Number of U.S. military deaths in stability operations over six times that of major combat operations • In the last 15 years, the U.S. has spent over five times as much on stability operations compared to major combat

4. National Security Presidential Directive 44: Management of Interagency Efforts Concerning S&RDecember 2005 Goal: “To promote the security of the United States through improved coordination, planning and implementation of stabilization and reconstruction assistance.” Scope: “Foreign states and regions at risk of, in, or in transition from conflict or civil strife.” Key Elements: The Secretary of State (may delegate to S/CRS) will: • Coordinate and leadintegrated USG efforts, involving all relevant Departments and Agencies with relevant capabilities, to prepare, plan for, and conduct S&R activities; • Coordinate USG responses for S&R with SecDef to ensure harmonization with any planned or ongoing U.S. military operations…at the planning and implementation phases; develop guiding precepts and implementation procedures for R&S; • Lead USG development of a strong civilian response capability; analyze, formulate, and recommend additional authorities, mechanisms, and resources needed to ensure that the US has civilian reserve and response capabilities necessary for S&R activities to respond quickly and effectively.

5. Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS)*United States Department of State Senior Military Advisor Coordinator Amb. John Herbst Deputy Coordinator for Conflict Prevention and Outreach Principal Deputy Coordinator for Civilian Response, Planning and Management Office of Strategic Communications Office of Conflict Prevention Office of Civilian Readiness and Response Office of Planning Office of Resource Management Legislative Strategy Early Warning Planning and Operations Management ARC/SRC General Services Diplomatic Strategy F Assistance Liaison Operations Support Civilian – Military Affairs Financial Management Public Affairs DOD Assistance Liaison Training Human Resources Sectoral Expertise And Best Practices U.S. Civilian Reserve Home Office Information Technology Academic Outreach AUGUST 2007

6. S/CRS in a Snapshot • Mission: To lead, coordinate and institutionalize U.S. Government civilian capacity to prevent or prepare for post-conflict situations, and to help stabilize and reconstruct societies in transition from conflict or civil strife so they can reach a sustainable path toward peace, democracy and a market economy. • Created July 2004 • 88 interagency staff, including 11 Active Response Corps (ARC) members • 4 whole-of-government strategic planning engagements • Kosovo, Sudan, Haiti, and Cuba (CAFC); • Civ-Mil PRT planning in Afghanistan • Rapid Response Deployments to 8 countries • Exercises • Blue Advance 2006-2008, Unified Quest, Joint Venture 2006 (United Kingdom), Multi-National Experiments 4 and 5, Unified Action, Civilian Venture 2007 (United Kingdom), Certain Trust • Interagency Management System to Organize USG Civilian Response • Whole of Government Planning Framework • Essential Task Matrix (ETM) • Compiling Best Practices for R&S • Developing common R&S Training for Civilians and Military • FY 09 Budget Request: $249 Million to build Robust USG Civilian Response Capability

7. Effective U.S. Government R&S Efforts Since 2005, 15 agencies have worked to implement the Presidential Directive “Management of Interagency Efforts Concerning Stabilization and Reconstruction” - ensuring all agencies, civilian and military, are ready to comprehensively approach this new national security challenge. • PREPARE: • TRAIN: Seven new R&S training courses are being offered for civilians and military at the Foreign Service Institute; and an integrated training strategy is being developed. • EXERCISE: The R&S PCC is driving a joint exercise strategy for R&S operations that tests the new USG capabilities (planning process, operations management system). Blue Advance 2008 was the most robust exercise of the IMS and planning process to date. • CIVILIAN CAPACITY: The Civilian Stabilization Initiative proposed in FY 2009 will create an interagency Active and Standby Response Corps and build a U.S. Civilian Reserve Corps. • PLAN: The U.S. Government Planning Framework for R&S integrates planning across all agencies. In March 2007 the Executive Branch approved a “Triggers Paper” on whole-of-government planning for R&S. • CONDUCT: The Interagency Management System for R&S, approved by the Executive Branch in March 2007, provides a new three-tiered system to manage interagency planning and operations for reconstruction and stabilization.

8. Meeting the Challenge of R&S Common Past Reconstruction & Stabilization Challenges • Lack of common planning and assessment process and reliable measures of progress • No unified operating systemto ensure unity of action (planning, executing, monitoring) • Limited civilian capacity to manage and implement R&S response • Gap in specialized training and preparation for civilians deploying quickly to conflict and unstable environments. • No common repository for capturing and applying lessons learned and best practices. • Critical shortage of rapid, flexible funding for non-humanitarian activities -- constrains effective allocation and management of R&S resources; slows rate of U.S. civilian deployments.

9. Meeting the Challenge of R&S: Planning Common Past Reconstruction & Stabilization Challenges • Lack of common planning and assessment process and reliable measures of progress • No unified operating systemto ensure unity of action (planning, executing, monitoring) • Limited civilian capacity to manage and implement R&S response • Gap in specialized training and preparation for civilians deploying quickly to conflict and unstable environments. • No common repository for capturing and applying lessons learned and best practices. • Critical shortage of rapid, flexible funding for non-humanitarian activities -- constrains effective allocation and management of R&S resources; slows rate of U.S. civilian deployments. USG Planning Framework for R&S • Common operating picture • Assessment of conflict dynamics • Development of policy options with risks and costs • Clear, achievable whole-of-government policy goal • Integrated, cross-sectoral strategies applying all elements of national power • Common metrics and assessment process

10. Conflict Transformation The USG should focus all elements of the intervention on transforming the dynamics of the conflict in a manageable timeframe. • Reduce the drivers of conflict and instability • Strengthen legitimate local institutional capacity Tipping point on the trajectory to viable peace

11. Tasks Activity Tasks Activity Tasks Tasks Activity Activity Tasks Tasks Activity Activity A New Planning Framework for R&S R&S USG Strategic Plan One USG policy goal; interagency-crafted strategies to address sources of conflict; resource strategy and designation of USG lead for implementation Field Washington Interagency Implementation Plan Interagency-crafted sub-objective concepts; synchronization and prioritization of Agency activities over time and space; monitoring and revision DEPARTMENT AND AGENCY IMPLEMENTATION PLANS & EXECUTION

12. Whole-of-Government R&S Planning with the IMS • Three Levels of • Planning: • Policy Formulation • Strategy Development • Implementation Planning

13. Meeting the Challenge of R&S: Systems Common Past Reconstruction & Stabilization Challenges • Lack of common planning and assessment process and reliable measures of progress • No unified operating system to ensure unity of action (planning, executing, monitoring) • Limited civilian capacity to manage and implement R&S response • Gap in specialized training and preparation for civilians deploying quickly to conflict and unstable environments. • No common repository for capturing and applying lessons learned and best practices. • Critical shortage of rapid, flexible funding for non-humanitarian activities -- constrains effective allocation and management of R&S resources; slows rate of U.S. civilian deployments. Interagency Management System for R&S • Approved in March 2007 • Provides a new system to manage interagency planning and operations • Three-tiered to ensure unity of action at all levels (Washington, regional military HQ, field)

14. What is the IMS? • System designed to provide policymakers in Washington, COMs, and military commanders with flexible tools to achieve: • Integrated planning processes for unified USG strategic and implementation plans, including funding requests; • Joint interagency field deployments; and, • A joint civilian operations capability including shared communications and information management. • For highly complex crises and operations which are national or security priorities, involve widespread instability, may require military operations, and where multiple U.S. agencies will be engaged in the policy and programmatic response. Interagency Management System for Reconstruction and Stabilization (IMS):

15. A New Interagency Management System • Integration Planning Cell (IPC) • Consists of interagency planners and regional and sectoral experts • Deploys to relevant Geographic Combatant Command or to multinational headquarters • Assists in harmonizing ongoing planning and operations between civilian and military agencies and/or the USG and multinational HQ • Country Reconstruction& Stabilization Group (CRSG) • Consists of a Washington-based interagency decision-making body, supported by a full-time interagency Secretariat that performs planning and operations functions and mobilizes resources • Co Chaired by • State Dept. Regional Assistant Secretary • S/CRS Coordinator • National Security Council Director • Advance Civilian Team (ACT) • Supports Chief of Mission in the field to develop, execute, and monitor plans • Provides interagency field management, deployment, and logistics capabilities • Develops and implement activities through regional field teams Field Advance Civilian Team (FACT) Field Advance Civilian Team (FACT) Field Advance Civilian Team (FACT)

16. Meeting the Challenge of R&S: Capacities Common Past Reconstruction & Stabilization Challenges • Lack of common planning and assessment process and reliable measures of progress • No unified operating systemto ensure unity of action (planning, executing, monitoring) • Limited civilian capacity to manage and implement R&S response • Gap in specialized training and preparation for civilians deploying quickly to conflict and unstable environments. • No common repository for capturing and applying lessons learned and best practices. • Critical shortage of rapid, flexible funding for non-humanitarian activities -- constrains effective allocation and management of R&S resources; slows rate of U.S. civilian deployments. Civilian Stabilization Initiative • Establishing Civilian Response Corps (Active, Standby, and Reserve) across 8 civilian agencies. • H.R 1084 auth. passed House, pending Senate. • $250M in State FY09 budget request (Civilian Stabilization Initiative). • Build the U.S. Civilian Reserve Corps to 2000 in 2009

17. Civilian Stabilization Initiative The new Interagency Management System rapidly puts experts on the ground 250 New ARC 2000 identified SRC 2000 recruited CRC ACTIVE RESPONSE CORPS (ARC) STANDBY RESPONSE CORPS CIVILIAN RESERVE CORPS (CRC) • USG employees when mobilized • Have regular jobs outside the USG • Fully trained and deployable in 45-90 days • Provide sector-specific Civilian Response expertise • USG staff trained and ready to go in 48 hours to one week. • Standing agency capacity for rapid response. • Will assess situation, design response and begin R&S implementation • USG employees • Civilian agency employees who have ongoing job responsibilities but are trained and available for deployments. • Deployable within 30 days for up to 180 days 2-5 Days 30-45 45-90 2-5 DAYS FOLLOWING CRISIS

18. Who are the Active Response Corps? R&S Planning, operations and program management • State and US Agency for International Development (USAID) • Planners, logisticians, operations set-up, military liaison, assessment, local engagement Criminal Justice and Policing • State, Justice, Homeland Security, USAID • Civilian police, investigators, criminal justice, courts, corrections Economic Recovery • US Dept. of Agriculture, Treasury, Commerce, USAID • Agriculture, fiscal/monetary policy, banking, taxes, commercial law, business development Essential Services • USAID and Health and Human Services • Public Health, education, infrastructure Diplomacy and Governance • State and USAID • Human rights, governance, conflict mitigation, civil society/media, • DDR Civilian Force Protection • State Diplomatic Security Agents • Security planners and officers

19. What is the Standby Response Corps? Request: Training for Standby Response Corps members in FY09 The SRC is: INTERAGENCY – employees from State, USAID, Justice, Commerce, Treasury, Agriculture, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security VOLUNTARILY “ON CALL” – SRC members are “on call” to deploy from their current position, in support of a regional crisis or transition requiring a surge of US civilian expertise, with 30 days notice for up to 180 days SPECIALIZED – SRC members have individual backgrounds related to R&S and hardship situations; sectoral and functional expertise; receive 2 weeks of R&S training per year • $75.2 million request also provides for: • 250 new InteragencyARC positions • 8 weeks of ARC training • Armored vehicles, communications and personal equipment • Basic office support Currently there are 130 State SRC members supported by additional retirees. SRC experts have deployed to Sudan, Chad, Afghanistan, and civil-military training. With CSI, SRC would grow to 2000 in FY09.

20. Composition of the First 500 CRC

21. A New State of Readiness To be fast, flexible, localized and comprehensive – the USG must be READY. • Expert Personnel to provide rapid response oversight, management, programming and advisory capacity Active and Standby Response Corps $75.2 Training and Equipment U.S. Civilian Reserve Corps $86.8 Training and Equipment • Deployment Support to put civilians on the ground quickly, protect and sustain them for first 60 days Deploying and Sustaining US experts $41.5 Civilian Force Protection $22.1 • Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization to manage Washington coordination and leadership of R&S planning and operations and the development of prevention mechanisms and best practices Operating Costs $23.0 • Total Request $248.6 In FY09 the Civilian Stabilization Initiative request includes: FY09 Request (in mil)

22. Meeting the Challenge of R&S: Training Common Past Reconstruction & Stabilization Challenges • Lack of common planning and assessment process and reliable measures of progress • No unified operating systemto ensure unity of action (planning, executing, monitoring) • Limited civilian capacity to manage and implement R&S response • Gap in specialized training and preparation for civilians deploying quickly to conflict and unstable environments. • No common repository for capturing and applying lessons learned and best practices. • Critical shortage of rapid, flexible funding for non-humanitarian activities -- constrains effective allocation and management of R&S resources; slows rate of U.S. civilian deployments. Integrated USG Training Strategy • Developing a USG Integrated Training Strategy for all personnel involved in the IMS • Seven new R&S courses at the Foreign Service Institute • Establishing an exercise plan to increase civilian exercises and participation in military exercises.

23. Meeting the Challenge of R&S Common Past Reconstruction & Stabilization Challenges • Lack of common planning and assessment process and reliable measures of progress • No unified operating systemto ensure unity of action (planning, executing, monitoring) • Limited civilian capacity to manage and implement R&S response • Gap in specialized training and preparation for civilians deploying quickly to conflict and unstable environments. • No common repository for capturing and applying lessons learned and best practices. • Critical shortage of rapid, flexible funding for non-humanitarian activities -- constrains effective allocation and management of R&S resources; slows rate of U.S. civilian deployments. • Developing a USG Lessons Learned System for R&S. Held a PRT Lessons Learned workshop. • Essential Task Matrix • DDR, elections and other thematic guides for planners • Integration of lessons into training curriculum • Proposed Conflict Response Fund (Congress rejected) • Section 1207 renewed in FY08 NDAA

24. Building Global Capacity with International Partners “We need greater capacity to bring all necessary civilian resources to bear in crisis and post crisis situations.” EU High Representative for Foreign Policy Javier Solana December 14, 2005 International Organizations United Nations (Peacebuilding Commission, DPKO, DPA) Regional Organizations NATO (Comprehensive Approach) EU (Work Plan) Bilateral Partner Countries Collaboration with countries having nationally coordinated crisis response mechanisms Political/Economic Fora G8 (Peacebuilding Structures, Capacity, Conflict Prevention)

25. QUESTIONS????? For additional information, go to: Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS) WWW.CRS.STATE.GOV