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Introduction to Chordates: The Beginning of Vertebrates

Learn about early chordates, including key features and classes within the phylum. Explore Osteichthyes, Aves, and Mammalia, with examples of species in each class. Understand what defines a chordate and their evolutionary significance.

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Introduction to Chordates: The Beginning of Vertebrates

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  1. Phylum: Chordate Animals Ms. Mullins ALS: Animals

  2. Early Chordates • Earliest known vertebrates were fishlike animals. • It was believed that they contained a brain enclosed in a skull of bone or cartilage and a notochord that functioned as a supporting structure.

  3. What is needed to be a Chordate? • To be considered a chordate, an animal must possess a notochord, gill slits (seen only in embryonic development in most vertebrates), and a tail (in the embryo stage if not as an adult). • Agricultural species of animals are found in the following three classes with the phylum chordate.

  4. Osteichthyes Class • Contains over 26,000 species of bony fish. • Features: skeleton is made of bone and not cartilage, skin with mucous glands, and a swimbladder. • Examples: salmon, trout, carp, catfish, bass, walleye, and tilapia

  5. Aves Class • Includes birds, characterized by the presence of feathers, scales on the legs, well-developed lungs, hard-shelled eggs, a completely subdivided four-chambered heart, usually wings for flying, and they are endothermic. • Examples: chickens, geese, ostrich, and turkeys

  6. Mammalia Class • Animals have the following characteristics: mammary glands, hair, endothermic, their young develop in the uterus, four-chambered heart, and a enlarged forebrain. • Examples: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses

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