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The English Reformation: From Henry VIII to Elizabeth the Great

Explore the tumultuous era of the English Reformation under Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, including the formation of the Anglican Church and the political intrigues surrounding the monarchs, marriages, and religious upheavals. Witness the power struggles, religious conflicts, and significant events that shaped the course of English history during this period.

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The English Reformation: From Henry VIII to Elizabeth the Great

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  1. The English Reformation Henry VIII to Elizabeth the Great, and the formation of the Anglican Church

  2. Prince Arthur of Wales (1486-1502) • Wife: Catherine of Aragon • Catholic Union of Spain and England • Catherine married to next son, Henry • Political implications, HUGE dowry

  3. King Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) • “Defender of the Faith” • King Henry VIII & Catherine • Daughter: Mary • 1529 – Annulment request

  4. European Politics Intervene • 1529 – Rome sacked by Charles V • Pope Clement VII: prisoner of Emperor Charles V • Catherine of Aragon: Charles V’s aunt • The Princess Mary: Charles V’s cousin • Annulment unacceptable

  5. King Henry VIII’s Wives • 1530’s – King Henry VIII declares himself head of the church • Opposition beheaded (Thomas Moore) • Queen #2: Anne Boleyn, no male heir • Daughter: Elizabeth • Queen #3: Jane Seymour died in child birth • son: Edward • 3 more wives

  6. The English Reformation • Theologically conservative • Confession, clerical celibacy, transubstantiation • 1535-1539 –Henry: Pope, Protector of Faith in England • The First Act of Supremacy (1534) • 1536  The Pilgrimage of Grace • Ireland remained loyal to Catholicism • England had little control over Ireland • Increased tension/ conflict

  7. Edward & Mary • King Edward VI (r. 1547 – 1553) • Protestantism spread • The Book of Common Prayer (1549) • Queen Mary (1553- 1558) • Devout Catholic • Husband: Phillip II of Spain • Executed several hundred protestants (Bloody Mary) • Several thousand English protestants fled the island

  8. Queen Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) • 1558: Catholics vs. Protestants • Returning Exiles: eliminate all Catholicism, Purify the Church Puritans • The Elizabethan Religious Settlement • The 2nd Act of Supremacy (1559) • The Act of Uniformity (1559) • “supreme Governor of the Church of England”

  9. The Anglican Church • Service in English • Monasteries not re-established • Clergy allowed to marry • Remained hierarchical(archbishops/bishops) • Upheld many Catholic traditions

  10. The Spanish Threat • Late 15th Century • Phillip II of Spain • Mary Queen of Scots • Executed due to assassination plot, backed by Phillip II • Pope urged Phillip to retaliate • May 9, 1588: The Spanish Armada

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