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2001 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers

A. The Beginnings of Microbiology. . 1. Aristotle (384-322B.C.) - invisible living creatures. 2. Roger Bacon (1220-1292) - disease caused by invisible creatures. 3. Robert Hooke (1665) - cellular structure of cork. 4. Anton van LeeuwenhoekWorked as a haberdasherGround Glass into lensesObserved ?Animalcules" in marsh and rain water.

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2001 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers

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    2. A. The Beginnings of Microbiology

    3. 1. Aristotle (384-322B.C.) - invisible living creatures

    4. 2. Roger Bacon (1220-1292) - disease caused by invisible creatures

    5. 3. Robert Hooke (1665) - cellular structure of cork

    6. 4. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Worked as a haberdasher Ground Glass into lenses Observed “Animalcules” in marsh and rain water

    7. B. The Transition Period

    8. 1. Spontaneous generation Basis of the doctrine Redi's experiments flies and maggots Needham's observes microbes in mutton gravy Spallanzani's experiments boiled meat and vegetables for a long time-sealed tubes by melting glass

    9. 2. Disease transmission Views in the 1600s and 1700s The Concept of “Contagion” infection passed from one person to another Miasma theory - contagion passed by air

    10. 2a. Disease transmission Jenner and small pox (1798)

    11. 2b. Disease transmission Semmelweis and blood poisoning (1846)

    12. 2c. Disease transmission Snow and cholera(1854)

    13. C. The Golden Age of Microbiology

    14. 1. Louis Pasteur Yeasts and fermentation The germ theory of disease

    15. 1a. Pasteur and disease The swan-neck flask experiment

    17. 1b. Pasteur and disease Pasteur and cholera The silkworm disease Vaccines Cholera (chicken cholera) Anthrax Rabies

    18. 2. Robert Koch Work with anthrax Proof of the germ theory Koch's postulates

    20. 2a. Koch and pure culture techniques Identified the term “Colonies” Created “Solid Culture Media” by adding gelatin to broth

    21. 3. Joseph Lister Introduced sterile surgery Used Carbolic Acid

    22. 4. Florence Nightingale organized hospitals to prevent cross-infection

    23. 5. Other Pioneers of Microbiology Albert Calmette - TB strain for immunization Richard Pfeiffer - Meningitis organisms Paul Ehrlich - Chemotherapy Howard Ricketts - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever William Welch - Gas Gangrene Walter Reed - Yellow Fever

    24. 6. The end of the Golden Era Influence of discoveries in public health Ignorance about viruses Modern pioneers Fleming Sabin & Salk Crick & Watson Kary Mullis

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