Geospatial Information for Landslide Hazard Assessment in Lombok, Indonesia

1. Geospatial Information for Landslide Hazard Assessmentin Lombok, Indonesia Yukni Arifianti (CVGHM, GAI) Akbar Cita (CGS, GAI) Heryadi Rachmat (GM, GAI) Matthias Dorn (BGR) Malaysia Geospatial Forum Melaka, 6 - 7 March 2012

2. Outline • Introduction • Landslides in Indonesia • Landslides in Lombok • Geospatial data • Process analysis • Discussion

3. I. Introduction • Landslide is the down-slope movement of the rock, soil and/or vegetation due to gravity in a process that can be abrupt collapse or in slow gradation slides. • It is significant because the distribution spread across the country and the most intensive of occurrence. • It can occur simultaneously with other geological hazards, such as earthquake and volcanic eruptions • The main objective is to develop and test practical hazard assessment methodologies in Lombok Island, especially for landslide.

4. CONTROLLING FACTORS RAINFALL VEGETATION LANDSLIDE GEOLOGICAL CONDITION MORPHOLOGY/SLOPE EARTHQUAKE

5. GEORISK PROJECT The Geological Agency of Indonesia (GAI), Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and BGR (German Federal Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resources) set up a joint project to support the implementation of the results of georisk assessment methodologies in national, provincial and local georisk mitigation strategies. Partners and cooperation: GAI Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) Provincial and Local Government GIZ with “Decentralization and Good Local Governance”

7. II. Landslides Hazards in Indonesia • Indonesia is one of the most prone country to geological hazards in the world: Volcanic Eruptions, Earthquake, Tsunami,LANDSLIDES • Developing country: need more spaces for infrastructures, industries, energy sectors, settlement • There are 199 landslides occurrence in 2010, killed 470 people (CVGHM)

8. Geological condition of Indonesia (CVGHM, GAI)

9. LANDSLIDE EVENTS IN INDONESIA (1990 – 2009) (CVGHM, GAI)

10. Spatial Planning in Landslides Prone Area (CEG, GAI)

11. III. Landslides Hazards in Lombok • Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia with an area of 5.435 km2 with 3.098.480 inhabitants • Located at 115° 45’ – 116° 45’ E and 8° 00’ – 9° 00’ S • It is as an internationally alternative eco-tourism destination after Bali.

12. Field checking was carried out in 2011 and found 4 new landslides from 13 possible landslides that were detected by ASTER. • The investigation classified 147 landslides are of natural origin and 47 landslides are man-made triggered. • The type of landslide are mainly rotational and translational.

13. Unconsolidated pumice Translational @ Krujuk Man-made landslide Mining area

14. (Heryadi Rachmat, 2011)

15. Landslide Susceptibility Assessment (Technical Workflow)

16. IV. Geospatial data Data sources • Landslide point • Landslide points from GAI and local government. • Additional landslide inventory using ASTER images and Google Earth. • Landslide factors • Lithology from GAI • Updated lineament map using the 1995 Landsat TM image. • Land cover data derived from 2004 and 2009 Landsat ETM+ images. • Topographic features: slope angle, slope aspect, flow direction, elevation derived from ASTER GDEM data. • Vegetation Indices; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from ASTER and MODIS images.

17. Landslide’s Geo-factors Landslide points

18. V. Process analysis

19. Image processing was done with the ENVI 4.8 software. Other data layers listed above were processed and added to a Geo-database with Arc GIS 10 software. • A statistical approach using probability and weighting methodology was applied to extract standardized weights for the different layers • The spatial data analysis and integration for landslide assessment can be divided into three steps (Teerarungsigul, et.al, 2011): • 1. To overlay the landslide distribution with factors • 2. To perform the probability analysis and weighting. • 3. To produce the landslide susceptibility map

20. 1. To overlay the landslide distribution with factors

21. 2. To perform the probability analysis and weighting • Reliability probability (RP) was calculated by the percentage area of factors corresponding to landslides • Accountability probability (AP) was calculated by the total landslides population accounted for each factor.

22. Probability analysis and weighting

23. 3. To produce the landslide susceptibility map

24. VI. Discussion • The analysis resulted in slope, lineament and NDVIas the most influence factors. The slope factor ranges from 45 to 50 while dense forest is the land-use class that has a high probability of landslides. Landslides in Lombok mostly occurred on the mountainous and hilly areas. • Lithology and lineament was examined to find out how geological factor affect the landslides. The analysis demonstrates that lineament is more affected. It creates weak zone that vulnerable to landslides. This shape built by volcanic and fault activities. The presence of pumice as unconsolidated rock proceeds as a weak layer for landslides movement. • Geospatial Technology of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing can ease landslide hazard assessment. It provides a high efficiency and optimizes time resources. However a field work needs to be done to validate the analysis.

25. THANK YOU… akbarcita@gmail.com akbarcita@grdc.esdm.go.id