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Reconstruction: Rebuilding the South after the Civil War

Learn about the period of Reconstruction from 1865-1877, which aimed to restore the Southern states to the Union and ensure equality for African Americans. Explore key events, such as the creation of the Freedmen's Bureau, the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, and the challenges faced by sharecroppers and tenant farmers. Discover the impact of political changes, the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, and the Compromise of 1877.

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Reconstruction: Rebuilding the South after the Civil War

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  1. Reconstruction 1865-1877 the period of rebuilding the South and restoring the Southern states to the Union after the Civil War

  2. Andrew Johnson • Became 17th President when Lincoln was killed • Favored a generous plan to re-admit Southern states • Personally pardoned over 13,000 former Confederates

  3. Radical Republicans • Believed that the main goal of Reconstruction should be the total restructuring of society to guarantee black people true equality • Opposed Lincoln’s plan and Johnson’s plan

  4. Freedman’s Bureau • Created by Congress in 1865 • Gave out clothing, food, and medical supplies to war refugees • Educated more than 250,000 freed slaves

  5. Black Codes • Laws in Southern states that restricted the rights of freedmen • Curfews (in doors by sunset) • Vagrancy laws (fined or whipped for not working) • Labor contracts (must sign and work for a year or lose all wages) • Land restrictions (could not rent or own house in town)

  6. 13th Amendment • 1865 • Abolishes slavery

  7. 14th Amendment • 1868 • Defines citizenship to include African Americans • Guarantees equal protection under the law for all citizens

  8. 15th Amendment • 1870 • Citizens can not be denied the right to vote based on race, religion, color, or previous condition of servitude

  9. Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Passed by Radical Republicans in Congress • Put the South under military rule • Ordered states to create new constitutions • All states had to allow black males to vote • Required southern states to ratify 14th Amendment and to guarantee equal rights to all citizens

  10. Johnson’s Impeachment • Johnson opposed equal rights for African Americans • He fired his Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, who was a friend of the Radicals • May 1868, Johnson was acquitted in the Senate by only one vote

  11. Carpetbaggers • Northern Republicans who moved to the South during Reconstruction • Sometimes carried cheap suitcases made of carpet • Insulting nickname used by Southerners who resented Northerners coming to make a profit

  12. Scalawags Insulting name used by Southerners to refer to southern white Republicans whom they thought were traitors to the South

  13. Sharecropping • Workers farmed for a share of the crop. • Many had to pay a planter for housing or food which usually left them in debt

  14. Tenant farming • Workers rented land and grew and sold their own crops • They had a higher social status than sharecroppers and could sometimes save enough money to buy their own land

  15. Ku Klux Klan • A secret society of former Confederate leaders and plantation owners whose goal was to keep African Americans from gaining equality with whites through terror and violence

  16. Solid South • Political changes after 1872 • Ex-Confederates and other white Southern Democrats form a political force which blocks Republican Reconstruction policies and reforms • Marks the end of Republican control of the South

  17. Compromise of 1877 • The election of 1876 was nearly a tie in the popular and electoral votes • Southern Democrats agreed to give the election to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes if he agreed to • remove all remaining federal troops from the South • give huge amounts of federal funding to build southern railroads

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