Classification of Materials

1. Classification of Materials There are many ways to classify materials. As we go forward into materials science it is important to understand other variables that scientists use to classify solids. The goal of this lesson is for you to be able to understand these variables used for classification.

2. Learning targets • Element, compounds, and mixtures • Types of elements (Metals, non metals, and metalloids)

3. The Basics • Matter • has mass and takes up space • Matter is made up of atoms • Turn to the person next to you. • name something you can see that isn’t made of matter or energy • You have 3 minutes • Atom • smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element

4. Element • one kind of atom • basic building blocks • on periodic table • make up everything • over 100 • represented by symbols • examples: • gold (Au) • sulfur (S) • zinc (Zn) • chlorine (Cl)

5. Compound • 2 or more elements chemically combined • properties different from elements making it up • elements combine in definite ratios • represented by formulas • examples: • water – H2O • salt – NaCl • carbon dioxide – CO2

6. Mixture • 2 or more substances physically combined • components can retain some of their properties • mixed in any ratio • no formula • examples: • salt water • bronze • kool-aid • fruit jello • brass

7. Types of Matter • Element • Compound • Mixture “nuts, bolts, and washers” activity • You will find nuts bolts and washers on the table in front of you. As a table discuss how these could be used to explain the concepts of elements, mixtures and compounds. You have 5 minutes to create a group explanation. Have one student document this explanation. Then you will report out as a table group to the class.

8. Types of Elements • Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids (semimetals)

9. Metals • left side of periodic table • most numerous • solids • lustrous • conductors • workable • examples???

10. Nonmetals • right side of periodic table • all 3 states of matter • not lustrous (dull) • usually not conductors • brittle • examples???

11. Metalloids (Semimetals) • on border between metals and nonmetals (stair step line) • fewest # of elements • solids • intermediate properties • examples????

14. Discussion • If you had a piece of some material on the table in front of you how could you identify it as a metal? • Work with the person sitting next to you and come up with as many ideas as possible. • We will compile a list as a class and see how many we can get.

15. Learning targets • 4 states of matter • Organization of atoms (crystalline vs. amorphous)

16. States of Matter • Solid • definite shape and volume • particles have least mobility – least energy • Liquid • definite volume and indefinite shape • Gas • indefinite shape and volume • particles with most mobility – loosely packed • Plasma • ionized gas – occurs at very high temps • electrons stripped from nucleus • ex. sun, stars, lightning through atmosphere

18. Matter Phases of Matter

19. Add heat plasma Remove heat

20. Activity • Everybody stand up and get to the open space • Each person will represent one atom • We are going to form all states of matter starting with solid.

21. Types of Structure • Crystalline • orderly arrangement of particles • repeating pattern • predictable • Amorphous • random arrangement of particles • no repeating pattern • not predictable

22. amorphous crystalline

23. Nanometer Scale Induced Structure Between Amorphous Layers and Crystalline Materials

25. Discussion • Is plastic man more likely to be crystalline or amorphous? • I will ask each table for its conclusion. Mister fantastic has the same power so you can substitute him if you like