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Microscopy and Measurement

Discover the world of microscopy and measurement, from light microscopes to electron microscopes, SI units to derived measurements. Explore magnification, resolution, and the power of electron beams for imaging. Study tips included.

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Microscopy and Measurement

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  1. Microscopy and Measurement Section 1.4

  2. Microscopes • Instruments that produce an enlarged image of an object • First used in the 1600’s

  3. Magnification: the increase in an object’s apparent size • Resolution: the power to show details clearly

  4. Light Microscopes • Compound light microscope (LM): produces images by focusing light rays through a specimen mounted on a glass slide • Specimen must either be very small or be sliced thin enough to be transparent

  5. Onion Cells

  6. Parts of a Compound Light Microscope

  7. Stage: the place where the slide rests • Stage clips: hold the slide in place • Objective lens: enlarges the image • Ocular lens: projects image through eyepiece

  8. Power of Magnification • Refers to how much a specimen is magnified • Example: 40X means the image is enlarged 40 times the actual size of the specimen

  9. A beam of electrons produces an enlarged image of the specimen Much more powerful than light microscopes Electron Microscope

  10. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) • 3-D images • Specimen is sprayed with a fine metal coating then a beam of electrons is passed over the surface • The electrons are projected onto a photographic plate producing an image

  11. SEM Images

  12. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) • Transmits a beam of electrons through a very thinly sliced specimen • Magnetic lenses enlarge the image and focus it on a photographic plate • Can magnify objects up to 200,000X

  13. TEM Images

  14. Measurement • SI: international System of Measurements • SI units are universally understood and accepted by scientists • Seven base units

  15. Some SI Prefixes • Prefix abbreviation factor of base unit giga G 1,000,000,000 mega M 1,000,000 kilo k 1,000 hecto h 100 deka da 10

  16. Prefix abbreviation factor of base unit deci d 0.1 centi c 0.01 milli m 0.001 micro Л 0.000001 nano n 0.000000001 pico p 0.000000000001

  17. Produced by the mathematical relationship between two base units Examples: area, volume, mass density, specific volume, Celsius temperature Derived Units

  18. Density • Density = mass/volume D = m/v

  19. Study for Test! • Make sure to: • Read the chapter • Make flashcards of the vocab • Learn the vocab terms and definitions • Take good notes • Do section and chapter review questions • Spend at least 15 minutes a night studying

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