Nixon's Presidency: Moon Landing, Watergate Scandal, and Foreign Policy

1. Bell Work 4/19/18 • What were some minority movements of the 1960s? • Describe the counterculture movement.

2. A Search For Order Chapter 31

3. The Nixon Years Chapter 31/Section 1

4. Nixon’s Politics Standard 102 • Richard Nixon- 37th President from 1969-1974 known for ending the Vietnam War, moon landing, and Watergate Scandal. • Silent Spring (Rachel Carson)- published 1962 to document the effects on the environment from pesticides. Led to EPA. • Environment Protection Agency of 1970- agency to guard citizens from health hazards in pollution. • Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA)-1970- agency to ensure safe working conditions and standards.

5. Nixon’s Foreign Policy Standard 98 • Henry Kissinger • Security Advisor who led the Paris Peace Accords to end the Vietnam War and created détente- reduce the tension of the Cold War. • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) 1969- • weapons control conference between the Soviet Union and America which would limit nuclear weapons.

6. Nixon’s Foreign Policy Standard 98 • China (1972) • Nixon improved relations with Mao Zedong’s Communist People’s Republic of China. • Middle East • Six-Day War (Israel/Arab Nations) 1967- bombing raid by Israel on Arab Nations. • Yom Kippur War (Israel/Egypt) 1973- holiest day of Israel when Egypt and Syria attacked Israel. • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)- Arab oil-producing countries in the Middle East that placed an oil embargo on U.S. • Shuttle Diplomacy-traveled group to group to end fighting.

7. Events at Home Landing • NASA (1969) • Cape Kennedy, Florida • Apollo 11 (July 1969) • Neil Armstrong- first man on the moon. • Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin • Michael Collins America The Story:23

8. Shoulder Partner • Discuss with your shoulder partner the 1969 Moon Landing. You should be able to answer and discuss the following: • Summarize the Apollo 11 Moon landing. • After studying the moon landing, why was it significant? • Decide whether or not the moon landing was real, and was it beneficial?

9. Events at Home Standard 98 • Oil crisis led to Inflation • 1972 Election • Richard Nixon (Republican) • George McGovern (Democrat) 1972 Election

10. Watergate to Ford Chapter 31/Section 2

11. 1972 Election Standard 99 • Watergate Scandal • Richard Nixon’s political scandal of breaking into the Democratic National Committee during the 1972 election which led to Nixon’s resignation. • Plumbers • Purpose was to stop the leak of classified information. Led by John Ehrlichman and H.R. Haldeman • Broke into Daniel Ellsberg’s office for releasing the Pentagon Papers.

12. Questions to Ponder • As you and your group reads through the Watergate release, the group should be able to compile the given information, examine the facts, and respond to the following: • Predict what the group thinks the scandal is about. • Assess Lewis’s main point of the article. • Reword and rate the events that took place. • Detect how the event might be related to Nixon. • Justify if this is a serious wrongdoing or not.

13. Watergate Scandal Standard 99 • Scandal • Watergate Hotel-Office Complex (1972) • Frank Wills- security guard • Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein- reporters for the Washington Post that investigated the break-in. • Nixon’s Response • Archibald Cox- Special Prosecutor of the Watergate Scandal. • Alexander Butterfield (July 1973)- aid revealed Nixon recorded all meetings

14. Watergate Scandal Standard 99 • Executive Privilege- president can keep conversations private. • Saturday Night Massacre- Nixon fired Prosecutor Archibald Cox. • Transcript (1974)- written record. • August 8, 1974- Nixon resigned. Saturday Night Massacre

15. Ford’s Presidency Standard 102 • Spiro T. Agnew- Vice President resigned. • Gerald R. Ford (Aug. 9, 1974)- 38th President 1974-1977 known for poor economy. foreign policy, and Nixon Pardon- legal forgiveness for a crime • 1976 Election • Gerald Ford (Republican) • Jimmy Carter (Democrat)

16. Ticket Out For your ticket out the door, write 3-5 sentences describing the Watergate scandal. Analyze the information we studied and synthesis it to produce a comprehensive explanation of the Watergate scandal. You should include the names: Richard Nixon, John Ehrlichman, H.R. Haldeman, Daniel Ellsberg, Frank Willis, Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein, and Archibald Cox.

17. Carter’s Presidency Chapter 31/Section 3

18. The Nation’s Challenges Standard 102 • Jimmy Carter- 39th President (1977-1981) known for poor economy, SALT, Camp David Accords, and failed Iran hostage. • Energy • Department of Energy- deals with energy and safety of nuclear materials. Jimmy Carter

19. The Nation’s Challenges Standard 102 • Environment • Love Canal, New York- 1977 discovery of chemical waste into the community. • Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania- 1979 nuclear power plant incident that raised concern about safety of plants. • Exxon Valdez- largest oil spill in Alaska in 1989. Jimmy Carter

20. Carter’s Foreign Policy Standard 102, 103 • Soviet Union • SALT II- Meeting between Soviet Union and U.S. in 1979 that limited nuclear weapons. • China • Communists People’s Republic of China • Panama Canal Treaty • Signed September 7, 1977 which allowed Panama to gain control of the Canal.

21. Carter’s Foreign Policy Standard 102, 103 • Camp David Accords (1978) • Peace treaty between Israel and Egypt which was the first agreement between Israel and any Arab neighbors. • Anwar el-Sadat (Egypt) • Menachem Begin (Israel)

22. International Crisis Standard 102, 103 • Afghanistan (1978) was invaded by communist Soviet Union. • Iranian Hostage Crisis (1979) • 444-day diplomatic standoff after Iranians took over the U.S. embassy in Tehran. • Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini- Iranian anti-American religious leader