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Phonetics: Vowel articulation, transcription

Phonetics: Vowel articulation, transcription. LING 200 Spring 2003. Reading: Files 3.3, 3.6. Manner of articulation. How close are lower and upper articulator? Relatively close: consonants Relatively far apart: vowels. Vowels. Can differ in:. Vowel ‘quality’ Height: high, mid, low

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Phonetics: Vowel articulation, transcription

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  1. Phonetics:Vowel articulation, transcription LING 200 Spring 2003 Reading: Files 3.3, 3.6

  2. Manner of articulation • How close are lower and upper articulator? • Relatively close: consonants • Relatively far apart: vowels

  3. Vowels Can differ in: • Vowel ‘quality’ • Height: high, mid, low • Backness: front, central, back • Labiality (lip rounding): rounded, unrounded • Vowel quantity: long, short

  4. A five vowel inventory Spanish

  5. Spanish vowels

  6. Phonetic description of vowels • [i] = high front unrounded vowel • [e] = mid front unrounded vowel • [o] = mid back rounded vowel • [u] = high back rounded vowel • [A] = low central (-back) unrounded vowel • cf. [a] = low front unrounded vowel

  7. Another five vowel inventory Mandarin (Chinese) [ü] = high front rounded vowel [] = mid central unrounded vowel

  8. Mandarin vowel quality [  ] = high falling tone (see File 3.7)

  9. Vowel quantity: Sahaptin [:] = long [] = high central unrounded vowel [i] = high front unrounded vowel [i:] = long high front unrounded vowel

  10. Sahaptin short vowels [/] = glottal stop; [ ] = stress (see File 3.7)

  11. Sahaptin short vs. long vowels

  12. English vowels • English, a Germanic language • Proto-Germanic vowels • Historical length > 'tense'/'lax' contrast • Long vowels > tense • Short vowels > lax

  13. English vowels North Atlantic English (UK, Ireland):

  14. The vowel space i u I U e o E   aA 

  15. English vowels A speaker from Southern England:

  16. English vowels • Sound changes in N. America. What happened to []: • ,  > (‘merged as’)  (East) • []: body, bawd, []: bah • ,  >  (East, Midwest) • []: body, bah, []: bawd • , ,  > A (West) • []: body, bah, bawd

  17. English vowels • More [], [] pairs • hock vs. hawk • [hAk] [hk] or • [hAk] [hAk] ? • cot vs. caught • Polly vs. Paulie • Don vs. dawn

  18. English vowels Western North America

  19. English vowels • Diphthongs: 2 vowel qualities • [w] = [a]: [hwd] (how’d) • [y] = [a]: [hyd] (hide) • [oy] = [o]: [toyd] (toyed) • For many speakers, [e], [o] are diphthongs • [ey] = [eI] • [ow] = [oU]

  20. English vowels • Stressed and unstressed syllables • verbs: nouns: • to [riEkt] a [ríEkt] (reject) • to [protEst] a [prótEst] (protest) to [prótEst]

  21. English vowels [] only occurs in unstressed syllables

  22. English vowels • [] + nasals, liquids • For many speakers, • [r] = [r] [pkr] picker • [l] = [l] [pkl] pickle • [n] = [n] [Tkn] thicken • [m] = [m] [rDm] rhythm [ ] = syllabic

  23. English vowels • In Western North America, [] only before [r]: • [mr] more • [mor] mower • [mAr] mar

  24. English vowels: rhotic nuclei Rhotic nuclei ([V+r] combinations) in North American English

  25. English vowels: rhotic nuclei In most of England, syllable-final [r] > [] or 

  26. Transcription practice • fish • scrimmage • schism • asthma • azalea • mayonnaise

  27. Transcription practice • fish • scrimmage • schism • asthma • azalea • mayonnaise

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