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Understanding Respiratory & Endocrine Systems: In-depth Overview, Facts & Disorders

Explore the functions and disorders of the respiratory and endocrine systems. Learn about key organs such as the lungs, alveoli, and glands secreting hormones. Discover crucial facts on breathing, vital capacity, and glands of internal secretion.

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Understanding Respiratory & Endocrine Systems: In-depth Overview, Facts & Disorders

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  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Pharynx • Epiglottis • Larynx (Voice Box) • Trachea (Wind Pipe) • Bronchi (Cilia – Hair like projections) • Lungs (2 Lungs with Lobes 3 on the right side and two lobes on left side) • Alveoli Sacs (CO2 exchanged O2) • Diaphragm (Major involuntary muscle in Respiration) • Pleura Sac

  2. Tracheotomy

  3. IMPORTANT RESPIRATORY FACTS • Breathing (Internal/external) • The Medulla Oblongata (The part of the brain that controls Respiration) • Vital Capacity (Total amount of air taken into the lungs in a single breath)

  4. RESPIRATORY DISORDERS • Bronchitis • Emphysema • Asthma • Hay Fever • Lung Cancer • Tuberculosis • Pleurisy • Cystic Fibrosis “COPD” Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  5. Alveoli Sacs

  6. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Glands of Internal Secretion/Ductless) • Secrete powerful chemicals known as Hormones – • Pituitary Gland is located in the head and secretes the growth hormone – • Thyroid Gland is located in the neck and secretes Thyroxin which regulates Metabolism. Iodine is very important In the proper functioning of the thyroid and without it a goiter may develop.

  7. Pankratova of Russia Worlds Longest legs 6 Foot 4 Talled Pingping of China 2 Feet 5.37 inches Tall World’s Smallest Man and Tallest Woman Meet for Guinness World Records

  8. Endocrine System Continued: • Para-Thyroid Gland is located within the Thyroid Gland it’s secretions are essential in the metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus. • Isles of Langerhan are located in the Pancreas and secrete insulin a chemical hormone which regulates body sugar. (Diabetes is caused by an insufficient amount of insulin. Too much insulin or low sugar levels may results in Hypoglycemia)

  9. Endocrine System Continued: • Adrenal Gland has two parts the medulla which secretes Adrenaline/epinephrine, and the Cortex which secretes Cortisone. • Glands of Reproduction: • Ovaries produce the female hormone estrogen and the Egg Cell. • Testes produce the male hormone Testosterone and Sperm. (Nota Bene: These hormones give us out secondary sexual characteristics)

  10. Para-Thyroid Isles of Langerhan

  11. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM • Capillaries • Lymph Vessels • Lymph Nodes • Thoracic Duct (Nota Bene: Lymph Leaves the body through a vein near the heart.)

  12. Lymphatic System

  13. PRECAUTIONARY HEALTH EXAMS (Mature Adult Health Practices) • Breast Exams • Self Exam • Mammogram • Mastectomy: ( Surgical removal of the Breast) • Pap Test (Smear) • Testicular Exams • Colorectal Exam - Colonoscopy • Prostate Exam - Digital and Prostrate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Exams • Cystoscope - Bladder Scope Test (A Biopsy is a diagnostic study of a piece of tissues from the living body) (Metastasis: A transfer of cancer cellsto another site in the body)

  14. Self-Breast/Breast Self Examination A Circular and/or Triangle Technique may be used

  15. Mammography is the process of using low-dose amplitude-X-rays (usually around 0.7 mSv) to examine the human breast and is used as a diagnostic as well as a screening tool. The goal of mammography is the early detection of breast cancer, typically through detection of characteristic masses and/or microcalcifications. Mammography is believed to reduce mortality from breast cancer.

  16. Woman with radical mastectomy. A. Pink highlighted area indicates tissue removed at mastectomy B. Axillary lymph nodes: levels I C. Axillary lymph nodes: levels II D. Axillary lymph nodes: levels III E. Supraclavicular lymph nodes F. Internal mammary lymph nodes

  17. Pictures & Images The Pap Smear

  18. Self-Testicular Exam • Stand naked in front of a full length mirror. Elevate one leg to get a better view of the scrotum. Look for any swelling on the skin of the scrotum. • Now, carefully examine each testicle with both hands. Using your thumb and fingers, roll each testicle around. Feel for any lumps. They can be as small as a pea, painful, painless, or tender. • Be sure to examine both testicles. Remember that it is normal for one testicle to be slightly larger than the other or hang a little lower. Tips: • Perform the exam after a warm bath or shower. This allows the scrotum to relax, making it easier to find lumps or masses.

  19. Male Cystoscope Female Cystoscope

  20. ColonoscopyExam

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