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Neuroimaging studies of normal aging

Neuroimaging studies of normal aging. • The effects of normal aging on cognition • Neuroimaging as a scientific tool • The physiological basis of cognitive changes in normal aging . Visuospatial skills. Attention. Executive function. Language. Memory.

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Neuroimaging studies of normal aging

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  1. Neuroimaging studies of normal aging • The effects of normal aging on cognition • Neuroimaging as a scientific tool • The physiological basis of cognitive changes in normal aging

  2. Visuospatial skills Attention Executive function Language Memory

  3. Working Memoryis the ability to maintain and manipulate information over short periods of time necessary to guide behavior

  4. 4371506 -----> 4371506 MAINTAIN 4371506 -----> 6051734 MAINTAIN and MANIPULATE

  5. Where’s the flag? Should I kick it? Is this supposed to be fun?

  6. 1000 800 20s-30s 50s-60s Mean Reaction Time (msec) 600 70s-80s 400 200 ALONE COUNTING DIGIT SPAN Task Condition

  7. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography

  8. Structural brain changes with aging changes in brain volume young old

  9. OTHER BRAIN REGIONS FRONTAL

  10. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography

  11. YOUNG OLD

  12. SPATIAL RESOLUTION Primary visual cortex (V1) Ocular dominance columns red = right eye blue = left eye

  13. TEMPORAL RESOLUTION

  14. CUE DELAY RESPONSE + + +

  15. YOUNG ELDERLY UNDERRECRUITMENT NON-SELECTIVE RECRUITMENT OVER RECRUITMENT YOUNG OLD

  16. 800 600 400 Reaction Time (msec) 200 0 2 Letters 6 Letters

  17. FASTEST SLOWEST YOUNG

  18. Neural recruitment LESS ---------------------> MORE FAST ---------------------> SLOW Information processing speed

  19. 1500 1250 1000 750 500 Old Young Reaction Time (msec) 2 6 2 6 Memory Load

  20. FASTEST SLOWEST YOUNG OLD

  21. Neural recruitment LESS ------------------------------------------------> MORE FAST ---------------------> SLOW YOUNG OLD SLOW ---------------------> FAST Information processing speed

  22. Summary • Age-related decline in selective cognitive processes • Functional MRI is a powerful method with excellent spatial and temporal resolution to study the physiological basis of cognitive decline in normal aging • Evidence for selective prefrontal cortical dysfunction (I.e. under-recruitment) with normal aging • Possible neural as well as behavioral compensation

  23. Working memory task Functional MRI EVXRC e time

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