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Spanish Civil War

Spanish Civil War. Long-term Causes review. Agrarian Society with enormous class differences ; Poverty . Land- owning elites and many landless laborers 2. The Church; Spain is deeply Catholic .

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Spanish Civil War

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  1. Spanish Civil War

  2. Long-term Causesreview • Agrarian Societywithenormousclassdifferences; Poverty. • Land-owningelites and many landless laborers 2. The Church; Spain is deeplyCatholic. • Wealthyclassesidentifiedwith Church; Seen as enemyofchange and hadmonopoly on education.

  3. 3. The Army – a largecolonialarmywithnothingto do. • 1 general to 100 poorlyequippedsoldiers. Veryconservative; interferes in politics. 4. Regionalism • Both Basques and Catalanswantedtocontroltheirownaffairs. Conservativesdidn’t like this.

  4. Short term causes • Anarchismgrowing fast after WWI. Demand reforms! • Humiliatingdefeat in Moroccoin 1921 • FearofCommunist revolution. • All conservativegroupsfeelthreatened. Results in: militarydictatorship under Primo de Rivera 1923 • Has wide support by conservatives and populace. • Brings someimprovement in economyuntil Depression. Losesbackingofarmy • King Alfonso XIII abdicates 1931 and the Second Republic is declared.

  5. Second Republic1931-1933faces many problems Republicangovernment under Manuel Azañabringsreforms toaddress problems: • Land distribution • Labor legislation • Anti-clericallegislation • Army officers forcedtoretire on halfpay • Catalangrantedautonomy

  6. These reforms createenemies. • 1932 Militarytriesto revolt under General Sanjurjo, but it is crushed. • Depression takeshold and land reforms areineffective. Conditions in countryside worsen. • Violence is on the rise. Measuresagainst the churchalienated right – wingofSpanishsocietyand leadtofoundationof: • Catholic CEDA party led by Gil Robles • Falange, Fascist party led by Jose Antonio de Rivera

  7. Government 1933 -1936 • Right-winggovernmentcomestopower and reverses reforms ofAzaña’s liberal government. • Known as ”Two Black Years” by the liberals. • Radicalsmore aggressive • Conservativesturntoparamilitary actions. Mass arrests ofleftists • In 1934 Anarchist miners’ revolt wascrushed in Asturias by General Franco.

  8. 1936: Swing back to the Left A Popular Front ofcommunists, socialists, republicans and Separatists wasformedtooppose the government. A defensive strategytoprevent far-right fascists from taking over. The right-wing forms the National Front. Theyfear a Bolshevik revolution. Result is Anarchytakeshold! Disorder and violencespreadthroughout the country.

  9. Army plotstooverthrowgov’t July 1936 • Led by General Mola, General Goded and General Franco whocommands the elitearmyofMorocco • The military hoped to capture Spain in a week but they failed. • About half of the army remained loyal to the government • the revolt failed in Madrid, Valencia, Barcelona and the Basque country. • Workers and peasants militias were formed to defend the government.

  10. Francisco Franco 1892 - 1975 Monarchist He was promoted to Major General on in 1934 and in the same year he crushed the miners´ revolt in Asturias. In 1935, he was made commander-in-chief of the Spanish armed forces in Morocco and the same year he became chief-of-staff of the army.

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