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Meso-American Civilizations

Meso-American Civilizations. Central American Civilizations Olmec - 1500BCE-200CE Maya 200-1200CE Aztecs 1350-1530. Quick Review of Course. Cycle of Civilization – ODPD – Origin, Development, Peak, Decline Paleolithic – nomadic hunter gatherer

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Meso-American Civilizations

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  1. Meso-American Civilizations • Central American Civilizations • Olmec - 1500BCE-200CE • Maya 200-1200CE • Aztecs 1350-1530

  2. Quick Review of Course • Cycle of Civilization – ODPD – Origin, Development, Peak, Decline • Paleolithic – nomadic hunter gatherer • Neolithic = civilization, agricultural revolution, cities • 4 River Valley Civilizations • China • India • Africa • Middle East

  3. China 8000 bce – 600 ce • SZQH • Europe – • MMGHRR • Middle East • SBAP – • India – • IAMG – • Africa – Egypt • South America – Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca

  4. South America • Many older Civilizations across South America are united by the Inca • Inca – 1350 - 1530

  5. MesoAmerican Civilization OriginsOlmec 1500 BCE – 200 CE

  6. Geography • Yukatan Penninsula • located on the hot, humid coasts of the Gulf of Mexico • surrounded by rain forests, grasslands, and swamps

  7. Olmec Politics Called “Cult of the Jaguar” City state government that united for religious celebrations under the authority of a Priest/shaman Dirt and clay pyramids used for political power and religious ceremonies

  8. Colossal Heads Colossal Head #10 Basalt San Lorenzo http://isis.csuhayward.edu/dbsw/anthropology/miller/3250/03olmec/aolmec2.html#PHOTO%20GALLERY:

  9. Economic Life most were farmers • Social Class • based on power and wealth • priests and government (theocracy) were the most powerful • merchants and craftspeople were next • farmers were the lowest • Most city states had their own language and customs

  10. Olmec Religion: Polytheist nature worship • shaman ruled, claimed to shape-change, control nature (rain, sun, crops), fly, killing enemies from a distance, and bear off-spring even though they are men. • Jaguars seen as magical animals and shamen claimed to shape shift into them • foundation of later Maya civilization.

  11. Shaman as jaguar carrying his spirit

  12. Riding Crocodiles in the Spirit world

  13. Men: plowed and planted fields tended to the crops hunted and fished Women/Older girls housekeeping chores making clothes supplying the home with firewood and water caring for younger children Children learned about farming and housekeeping chores Social Life Typical of Agricultural Society

  14. Intellectual Life • Maize Domesticated 3000BCE • Major staplecrop in Mesoamerica • Also domesticated cotton, cacao, feathers, pelts, woods, rubber

  15. Intellectual life • developed a number system, calendar, and a form of writing

  16. Olmec Art: Jade Sculpture(plus giant heads and pyramids) Olmec Figure Jade Axe Were-Jaguar http://isis.csuhayward.edu/dbsw/anthropology/miller/3250/03olmec/aolmec2.html#PHOTO%20GALLERY:

  17. Olmec Influence on the Mayans • Maize • Ceremonial centers with temple pyramids • Calendar based on the Olmec one • Ball games • Rituals involving human sacrifice

  18. Olmec, La Venta, cone pyramid

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