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Calibration of a km 3 ν- Telescope Using Extensive Air Showers. A crude (lower limit) estimation of resolution and event rate Development and Construction of an Extensive Air Shower Array in HOU. Antonis Leisos, Hellenic Open University Erlangen 11-13 April 2006.
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Calibration of a km3ν-Telescope Using Extensive Air Showers • A crude (lower limit) estimation of resolution and event rate • Development and Construction of an Extensive Air Shower Array in HOU Antonis Leisos, Hellenic Open University Erlangen 11-13 April 2006 The project is co-funded by the European Social Fund & National Resources EPEAEK-II (PYTHAGORAS)
The General Idea… • Angular offset • Efficiency • Resolution • Position
The Example of Amanda-Spase 30 stations (4 scint. 0.2 m2 in a triangular grid, 30m spacing) B10 resolution 3.8 degrees
Very High Energy Very High Zenith Angle Extreme low rate ~4km ~20km
The Concept Floating stations (Sea Technology?) We propose a minimum of 3 stations with at least 3 m2 scintillator detectors each
Single Station Single Station Set-Up GPS Scintillator-PMT Scintillator-PMT 1 m2 ~20 m Scintillator-PMT Triangulation Shower Direction DAQ
Multi Station Set up Multi Station Set-Up
The HELYCON Scintillation Module GPS timestamp Scintillator 2 Scintillator 3 Station Server
Prototype Construction 10 x 12 cm tiles 80 tiles ~ 0.96 m2 12 WLS fibers per row Single PMT read out
Scintillators & WLS fibers Scintillators : Protvino (Russia) Emission spectrum:420 nm Decay time 2 ns WLS fibers: Bicron (BCF-91A) Light attenuation length: 330cm
PMT Testing Photonis XP-1912 Standard, 10-stage, 19 mm (3/4") round tube
DAQ 4 PMT Signal Inputs Trigger Ouput USB Port GPS Input 25ps accuracy TDC
DAQ • Handles 4-channels • Adjustable PMT Thresholds • Relative Arrival times < 1ns • Estimates Pulse sizes (TOT) and Shapes • Synchronization with GPS ~ 25ns • Digital Interface to PC • Slow Controls & Environmental Monitoring • GPS • (Motorola M12+Timing Oncore) • 25 ns UTC accuracy can be better (up to 5ns) • HPTDC • 32 channels (LR) – 8 Channels (HR) • 25ps (HR) to 800 ps (LR) accuracy • Self Calibrating
Software Tools CORSIKA (Extensive Air Shower Simulation) GEANT4 (Scintillation, WLS & PMT response)
Software Tools DAQSIM (DAQ Simulation) HOUANA (Analysis & Track Reconstruction) Height (mV) Time (ns) Zentih (degrees)
Monte Carlo Studies • Reconstruction of Shower Direction • Reconstruction of the Shower Core Properties Particles/m2 Charge (p.e.s) Distance from core (m) Distance from core (m) Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV)
Monte Carlo Studies Needed corrections curvature Core distance>500m thickness ns after 1st particle
Monte Carlo Studies Some Corrections (thickness) Time Delay (ns) Time Spread (ns) Pes Pes Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV)
Monte Carlo Studies Single Station Performance Θrec-Θtrue Pull Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV) QC: charge(p.e.s)>75.
Monte Carlo Studies Single Station Performance Reconstruction efficiency Resolution (degrees) Distance from core (m) Distance from core (m) Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV) QC: charge(p.e.s)>75.
Monte Carlo Studies Examples of a 3-Station Performance (Crude Analysis) Resolution per reconstructed track (degrees) Resolution in determining a possible Angular Offset (degrees)-10 day operation Threshold Charge (pes) Threshold Charge (pes) Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV)
HELYCON Online Control & Data Analysis Package graphics & presenter control real time monitor shower reconstruction data analysis real data & data summary storage
1019 eV 1015 eV 1017 eV 2 km Another use of the detectorsHELYCON