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Karen Roemer 1 & Daniel Link 2 1 Michigan Technological University, USA 2 Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany. Technology, Computer Science, Coaching – Strategies and Concepts for Cooperation. Motion Analysis of Volleyball Spikes.
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Karen Roemer1 & Daniel Link21 Michigan Technological University,USA 2 Darmstadt University of Technology,Germany Technology, Computer Science, Coaching –Strategies and Concepts for Cooperation
Do practitioners need this stuff? …or do they want it?? Do they apply it???
The ideaofthisproject: • Work withathletes, coachesandexpertsrightfromthestart…. • Withlocalteams… • Next step: national league • Finally: National Team … andEuopean League
Scientific Problems: Euler angles lead to discontinuities in time histories of results gimbal lock (GL) • ISB shoulder group proposed standardization for describing shoulder kinematics (Wu et al. 2005) • Depending on the observed range of motion other rotation sequences can be found in the literature to avoid the GL (Levasseur et al. 2007, Senk & Cheze 2006) • altering the rotational sequence influences results significantly (Karduna et al. 2000 ) • Representation of the rotation of the humerus with respect to the thorax without GL • Definition of parameters for the investigation of the shoulder movement in volleyball spikes
eight trials out of 16 show no significant correlation • four trials indicate significant positive correlation • four trials indicate significant negative correlation for the same coordinate ?
Changes in the ellbow z-coordinate due to movements in the frontal plane correlate with rotational angles in the shoulder joint
Same Anthropometrics • Same jump height • Difference in Impact height: • 8-10 cm !
Background "(Sonification is) a mapping of numerically represented relations in some domain under study to relations in an acoustic domain for purposes of interpreting, understanding or communicating relations in the domain under study.“(Scaletti, 1993, p. 22) Examples taken from A. Effenberg (http://www.sonification-online.com/)
Expectations • Sonification is useful (see Effenberg & Mechling, 1998) • for developing a more precise and comprehensive idea of movements • to intensify and to precise the awareness for the temporal and dynamical structure of movements • for controlling the timing and dynamics of movements • for supporting the learning of movements • can help to optimize the speed of a movement • for increasing the sensibility of kinestatic impression Most effects were proven in „artificial“ conditions Do practitioners need this stuff? … or do they want it?? Yes, but they just don´t know it so far!
Potential Application Field: Luge Best position depends on anthropometric disposition
Status quo Optimizing position using a wind tunnel Problem Appropriate feedback Idea Real-time sonification of air resistance of the athlete-luge-system
Perspectives Science Trainer & Athlete • If possible, direct advantage for competition • Problems: • Advantage is not sure • Needs investment • Fear to be a guinea pig • Interested in the effects(e.g. compared to other feedback-strategies, retention?) • Produce knowledge Conflict?
Todiscuss ... • Do practitioners need this stuff (do yougainadditional/usefulinformationwithit)? • Do they want it? Or more important … do they want to work with it? • How do youwork on this behalf withinyourprojects, … orwhatareyourideas?? • How do thinkaboutthisconcerning different areasofapplicationfromyour „disciplinary“ pointofview, …? • Are theredifferencesbetween different nations? Is this „problem“ ofapplicationandtransferconcideredasone in yourcountry?
References Effenberg, A.O. & Mechling, H. (1998). Bewegung hörbar machen – Warum? Zur Zukunftsperspektive einer systematischen Umsetzung von Bewegung in Klänge (Why use Sonification? – Perspectives of a Systematic Transformation of Movements into Sound), Psychologie und Sport, 5 (1), 28-38. Liu, Q., Prakash E. C. (2003). The Parameterization of Joint Rotation with the Unit Quaternion. In: Sun C., Talbot H., Ourselin S. and Adriaansen T. (Eds.) (2003) Proc. VIIth Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 409-417. Roemer, K. Kuhlmann, C. Milani, T.L. (2008) Investigantion of Shoulder Kinematics in Volleyball Spikes. In: Kwon,Y., Shim,J., Shim, J.K., Shin, I.-S. (Eds) (2008) Proceedings of the XXVI International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, 506-509. Scaletti, C. (1993). Sound synthesis algorithms for auditory data representations. In: (The Proceedings of) SIGGRAPH '93. An Introduction to Data Sonification. Course Notes 81. Anaheim, 2.2-2.25.