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Ventromedial Prefrontal Activation at Baseline and in Response to Affective Pictures Predicts Positive Affective Style:

Ventromedial Prefrontal Activation at Baseline and in Response to Affective Pictures Predicts Positive Affective Style: A Source Localization Study. CJ Norris, CM van Reekum, LL Greischar, RC Lapate, AJ Shackman, BW McMenamin, GM Beguhn, NB Rawlings & RJ Davidson

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Ventromedial Prefrontal Activation at Baseline and in Response to Affective Pictures Predicts Positive Affective Style:

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  1. Ventromedial Prefrontal Activation at Baseline and in Response to Affective Pictures Predicts Positive Affective Style: A Source Localization Study CJ Norris, CM van Reekum, LL Greischar, RC Lapate, AJ Shackman, BW McMenamin, GM Beguhn, NB Rawlings & RJ Davidson University of Wisconsin – Madison

  2. Design Participants: 84 (43 female) individuals from the Midlife in the US (MIDUS) study ranging in age from 37 – 82 years old. Data: • Task EEG. Participants completed an emotion modulated startle task during which they viewed a series of negative, neutral, and positive pictures. Eyeblink startle was measured in response to 105 dB probes presented both during and after pictures. In addition, EEG and EMG over corrugator supercilii were collected continuously. • Baseline EEG. 12 minutes of resting baseline EEG activity was also collected (half eyes open/closed; half pre-/post-task). • Surveys. Participants filled out multiple surveys both as part of the current project (e.g., PANAS, DPAS, STAIX) as well as part of a SAQ at a different time (e.g., PWB, Coping).

  3. EEG Data Analysis • ICA was used to remove eye blinks, eye movements, and HR • Spectral frequency was determined for each of 7 2-s bins, starting 2 s before picture onset and ending 12 s after picture picture offset • LORETA solution coefficients were averaged across bins and baseline corrected, leaving the following design: • 3(Valence: neg, neu, pos) • 4(Epoch: baseline [2 s pre-pic]; early [0-4 s, picture pres]; mid [4-8 s, post-pic]; late [8-12 s, post-pic]) • Correlations were conducted between self-report measures of affective style and LORETA estimates of alpha activity (note that greater alpha activity corresponds to less neural activation) Picture -2 s 0 s 4 s 12 s 8 s Baseline Early (Time1) Middle (Time2) Late (Time3)

  4. Structure of Results • First, we’ll consider the baseline period during the startle task (i.e., the Task EEG baseline epoch that preceded picture onset). • Then, we’ll examine Baseline EEG for consistent patterns. • Finally, we’ll look at relationships between EEG in response to negative pictures and indices of reactivity and recovery.

  5. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline Affective Style correlates with ventromedial PFC activation at baseline: Baseline Preceding Negative Pictures Baseline Preceding Neutral Pictures Baseline Preceding Positive Pictures

  6. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline Affective Style correlates with ventromedial PFC activation at baseline: Average across 3 baselines

  7. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline r(82) = -.226, p < .05 Statistical ROI VMPFC Alpha Activity r(82) = -.243, p < .05 r(82) = .201, p = .07 VMPFC Alpha Activity VMPFC Alpha Activity

  8. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline Statistical ROI r(82) = -.255, p < .05 VMPFC Alpha Activity

  9. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline Anatomical ROIs LH RH

  10. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline Age correlates with ventromedial PFC activation at baseline: … as well as temporal cortex (especially left temporal), and right inferior frontal cortex/DLPFC

  11. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline LH RH r(82) = .312, p < .05 r(82) = .310, p < .05

  12. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline Note that Emotion Focused Coping is a 12-item scale combining “Focus on and venting of emotion” (e.g., I get upset and let my emotions out), “Denial,” and “Behavioral disengagement”; i.e., NOT an adaptive, active form of coping.

  13. EEG Source Localization Results: Task Baseline Emotion-focused coping correlates with ventromedial PFC activation at baseline: Anatomical ROIs r(82) = .313, p < .05

  14. EEG Source Localization Results: Task EEG Baseline Age and PWB independently predict VMPFC activation during the baseline epoch of the pictures task

  15. EEG Source Localization Results: Baseline EEG Age & VMPFC activation Age & Temporal activation

  16. EEG Source Localization Results: Baseline EEG Age & Temporal Activation r(82) = .224, p < .05 r(82) = .388, p < .001 r(82) = .229, p < .05 r(82) = .375, p < .001

  17. EEG Source Localization Results: Baselines Age & Frontal, Hippocampus, Amygdala Activation r(82) = .221, p < .05 r(82) = .236, p < .05 r(82) = .255, p < .05 r(82) = .305, p < .01

  18. EEG Source Localization Results:Baseline EEG Affective Style & PFC activation: Left Lateralized? Emotion Focused Coping & PFC activation: Left Lateralized? Trait Anxiety & PFC activation: Left Lateralized?

  19. EEG Source Localization Results: Baselines Emotion Focused Coping & PFC Activation r(82) = .281, p < .01 r(82) = .279, p < .01 Stepwise regressions predicting Left and Right (below) VMPFC alpha activity from all self reports and Age indicate that Emotion Focused Coping is the only significant predictor (Age is close).

  20. EEG Source Localization Results: PFC Activation & PWB DURING Picture Presentations Negative Pictures Neutral Pictures Positive Pictures

  21. EEG Source Localization Results PFC Activation During Neg Pics and Psychophysiological Indicators of Reactivity VMPFC Activation during neg pics is negatively correlated with startle to neg pictures, suggesting that greater regulation results in decreased reactivity r(75) = .25, p < .05 r(75) = .24, p < .05 r(75) = .29, p < .05 r(75) = .32, p < .05

  22. EEG Source Localization Results PFC Activation During Neg Pics and Psychophysiological Indicators of Recovery VMPFC Activation during neg pics is negatively correlated with the difference in corrugator activity to neg vs. neu pictures during the late recovery period (i.e., 4-8 s post-picture offset), suggesting that greater regulation results in better recovery r(49) = .52, p < .001 r(49) = .50, p < .001

  23. General Conclusions • Age is negatively correlated with VMPFC activation during both resting baselines and during picture viewing task baseline epochs • Independently of age, VMPFC activation at baseline is correlated with positive affective style (as indicated by greater PWB, less Emotion Focused Coping) • Finally, greater VMPFC activation during the viewing of negative pictures is associated with decreased reactivity to and increased recovery from negative stimuli

  24. EEG Source Localization Results Emotion Focused Coping, PFC Activation @ Baseline & During Neg Pics, and Corrugator Recovery to Neg Pics

  25. MIDUS II startle study trial schema Pictures: 30 positive, 30 negative and 30 neutral trials; participants respond to border color (purple or yellow) as quickly as possible. 1 s fix 0.5 s picture with border 3.5 s picture without border probe a 2 s ∕∕ 14-18 s random ITI ∕∕ 1 s fix 0.5 s border • Startle probe times: • a) 2900 ms after picture onset • b) 4400 ms after picture onset (± 0.5 s after picture offset) • c) 5900 s after picture onset (± 2 s after picture offset) 2 s probe c 3.5 s picture

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