Transitional housing prototype in disaster zones

1. United Arab Emirates University College Of Engineering Training And Graduation Projects Unite Transitional housing prototype in disaster zones Done by: BakhetaAlahbabi 200502204 Kanna Al Shamisi 200502566 Maitha Al Dhahri200502074 Project Advisor(s):Examination Committee: Dr. Yasser Elsheshtawy Dr. Hassan Darwish Dr. Omar Aly Mousa Elnawawy Dr. Ahmed Hassn Dr. Bechir Kenzari

2. Problem and Purpose • The issue of providing temporary shelter for those impacted by various disasters such as earthquakes and floods is a critical one that transcends typical aesthetic considerations to a focus on the provision of basic needs as well as a sound structural system. • Temporary housing is defined as a place where families can re-establish household responsibilities and daily activities for an interim period until a permanent housing solution can be found. • The aim of this project is to design a shelter for refugees and provide them with their basic needs . In addition to that , design a light weight structure and easy to assemble and dissemble.

3. Structural Design • We decided to use containers as a main unit of design for the following reasons: • Light weight. • Availability and it’s easily transported by ship. • Cheap and average life (from 2 – 3 years). • Strength and durability • Modular unit of containers

4. Container types STANDARD CONTAINERS FLATRACK CONTAINERS OPENTOP CONTAINERS PLATFORM CONTAINERS

5. Container Dimensions (metric) Standard External Container Dimensions Standard External Container Dimensions Standard Internal Container Dimensions

6. Alternatives Evaluation 1 Good 2 Medium 3 Worst

7. Gp1 Design

8. Entrance Entrance Design Development • If the entrance of the building locates in the left side parallel to the long axis, the whole area will be exposed to the visitors. But if it locates along the short axis, the living area is the only area which will be exposed. By this way the building will have more privacy. • The using of the stair case inside the container decreases the area so we shifted it outside the

9. Design Development • Interconnected units: The units are distributed in a way that each unit has a view to the outside without disturbing the privacy of the other units and each units are supported by each other. • Independent units: The units are distributed from each other and the first floor is supported by light weight columns. • By comparing between Alt#1 and Alt#2 we found that Alt#2 is safer than Alt#1 where each unit depends on the other so if any problem happens the other units will be affected. Alternative 1 Alternative 2

10. Design Development • Treatment of shaded area

11. Site Selection • While the project is envisioned to be assembled/built in various zones, for purposes of this project a specific site, with specific climate and soil condition has been selected for design and calculation purposes. The selected site/area is within the region of Pakistan. Modifications to the general design will take place according to sites/countries. bearing capacity of soil disaster zones

12. Types of foundation • Pallet Floor • Reinforcement concrete foundations • Railroad ties

13. Containers materials Containers wall materials • Corrugated steel sheet It’s a low cost material , easy to repair and have high tare weight. Also, it’s susceptible to corrosion and difficult to clean owing to corrugated walls. • Aluminum sheet in conjunction with stiffening profiles: It’s a low tare weight, high material costs, easily deformed and very quickly dented. • Plywood with glass fiber-reinforced plastic coating (plywood + GRP) it’s easy to clean owing to smooth surfaces, easy to repair, strong and resilient, moderate material costs and moderate tare weight container floor material: • Floor is generally made of wood, usually planking or plywood. Although wood is relatively expensive, it has substantial advantages over other materials: it is strong and resilient, does not dent, may be easily replaced during repairs and, when appropriately finished, has an adequate coefficient of friction, which is important for cargo securing.

14. Relevant standards &codes • IBC code We will use IBC code to calculate the different type of loads such as : • Live Loads – occupants and moveable objects in or on the structure • Minimum uniformly distributed live load for residential area = 40 psf • Minimum uniformly distributed live load for roof= 20 psf • Dead Loads – weight of the building materials and the structure itself • AISC 13 edition code • This code will use to know the steel criteria, steel design and the standard dimension of it. • Architecture standard code • We used it to find the minimum required dimension for each space to make the project habitable

15. Project Program

16. Plans Development GF plan

17. Plans Development FF plan

18. Section

19. Elevation

20. Roof &Floor layers

21. Material criteria • Faster installation • low cost • Sustainable (to reduce the impact on the environment). • Water proof (to resist the water fall). • Strong (choose materials which can resist the natural forces such as wind force). • Flexible ( to adapt with sand movement). • Have a long life time and low maintenance. Material • Windows and Doors • Finishing • Structure & foundation • Conveying system

22. Plexiglass physical properties: • Transparency • Breakage Resistance • Weather Resistance, Chemical Resistance and Heat Resistance • Light Weight - Acrylic sheet is less than half as heavy as glass. • Dimensional Stability - Acrylic sheet is notable for its freedom from shrinking and deterioration through long periods of use. • Ease of Fabrication - It can be sawed, drilled, and machined like wood or soft metals.

23. panels • Fiber Composite Panel • Structural Insulated Panels • Aluminium Composite Panel Aluminum Composite Panel Fiber Composite Panel Structural Insulated Panels

24. Panels Material Fiber Composite Panel System • One of the fastest ways to build today. • Energy Efficient: FCP can achieve a heating and cooling load reduction of 61% compared to homes built with Concrete Masonry Walls. • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions. • Low Maintenance: no rot, swelling or deterioration over time. • Zero waste because it’s manufactured in factory . • A Healthy Construction. • Simplicity. • Can create any shape even with curves and arches. • light Structures. • Meet hurricane & seismic code requirements.

25. Sustainable Flooring • Bamboo(Rooms) • Linoleum(Bath Rooms)

26. Materials

27. Cost Calculation

28. Safety Issues /Fire Safety: Exit Requirements • Building design has achieved the necessary Exit requirements for the fire Safety such as: • Exits clear and visible. • Provide Fire doors with 2 hour fire resistance. • No exit doorway shall be less than 1 m in width. Doorways shall be not less than 2000 mm in height. • Exit doorways shall open outwards. • Exit door shall not open immediately upon a flight of stairs. A-landing equal to at least the width of the door shall be provided in the stairway at each doorway. • Minimum width shall be provided for staircases-In Residential buildings (dwellings) =1.0 m. • The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be0. 25 m for internal staircase of residential buildings. • The maximum height of riser shall be0. 19 m for residential buildings • The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a staircase and the staircase shall be 2.2 m. • No combustible material shall be used for decoration/wall paneling in the staircase.

29. Safety Issues /Fire Safety: Common Path of Travel: • The distance between any point in the building and the exit should not exceed 25m so our design reaches this requirement. Exit door Exit door

30. Environmental impact • Site Analysis:

31. Environmental impact • The main entry point for heat and light are windows and doors, so we should control the amount of heat and light with the right materials and the right designs.

32. East and west façade received the high amount of heat and light and need to use shading device so the glass minimized in this facades and the windows are primarily orientated to the North façade because its receive less amount of heat and light. • Balance of windows and wall space to allow just the right amount of daylight to enter to reduce the need for electric lighting.

33. 3d window views

34. Ethical Issues The temporary shelters design care about many ethical issues such as: Building Safety Systems: • Choose materials which have high rate of fire resistance. • Protect building from natural effect. Provide user needs: • easy accessibility for handicapped. • Provide service spaces. Privacy: • Arrangement of rooms and a relationship between spaces. Semi private Private

35. Ethical Issues Architectural form and color: • Enhance psychological well being of refugees through a pleasant design. Color scheme • Pick a color that works best with your carpet and furniture. Neutral colors are the best to choose. • Figure out the mood that we want to create for the bedroom. Different colors reflect different types of moods. A room that uses a lot of blues and greens will create a sense of tranquility for the bedroom. Oranges and reds are vibrant colors that will energize the bedroom. • Avoid colors that are not mood-enhancing. Gray is a shade to avoid since it is often associated with sadness and depression. Brown colors can create a feeling of loss when used to decorate. These types of colors should be used sparingly or avoided altogether. • Mix up the colors to decorate the bedroom. An all red or all beige room will not be aesthetically pleasing.

36. Ethical Issues Architectural form and color: • Acrylic latex are better for interiors and exteriors in that they offer: • Better stain protection (washability) • Water resistance • Better adhesion • It contains chemical base which provides elasticity. • Resist cracking and blistering • By using it on the exterior of a building helps to resist chalking, so it has a clean appearance longer • Resistance to alkali cleaners.

37. Ethical Issues • Provide user needs by providing easy accessibility for handicapped and taking into consideration the dimensions appropriate to their needs so we studied the Handicapped Specifications such as: • Doorways Doorways must be at least 0.8 m wide and swing out, not in. The threshold must be even with the floor to provide a smooth surface. Door handles should be easy to use, preferably lever-style. • Toilets Handicap toilets must be 0.45 m off the ground without the seat. The stall must provide horizontal grab bars behind the toilet and on the wall closest to the toilet. • Flooring and Turning Space Flooring materials should be non-slip. Stalls must provide enough space for a wheelchair to turn in a circle and must be 1.5m in diameter. • Sinks Mount sinks at a height allowing knee room underneath for wheelchair access. Additional amenities must be accessible from a seated position

38. Ethical Issues Handicapped Ramp Specifications • Ramp Slope: A handicap ramp's slope shouldn't be steeper than one inch per linear foot of run. • Ramp Width: A ramp needs to be at least 0.9m wide between the guardrails • Ramp Rise: No ramp segment can have a rise greater than 0.76 m • Ramp Landings: A handicap ramp must provide flat landings at its top and bottom, and one landing for every 0.76 m of ramp rise. • Handicap ramps must have a handrail on each side that's between 0.76 m and 0.96 m tall.

39. Structure & Foundation I beam Reinforcement concrete I beam Reinforcement concrete

40. connections • Connection between beam to beam • Connection between upper and lower container • Connection between Stair and container

41. Connection between beam to beam • The simplest concept for a beam-beam connection is to support one beam directly on the top flange of the other. This is often used with the parallel beam system, providing an efficient means of distributing services horizontally and vertically above and between the main beams respectively

42. Steel beam (1) Steel beam (2) Cut on the flange The flange of steel beam (2) on the same level of the flange of steel beam (1) Connection between beam to beam Connection components Two steel beams connected together by steel plate through the flange

43. Connection between beam to beam

44. Connection between Stair and container Steel frame on the removed part of the container I-beam supported the landing and connected to the steel frame I beam support the stair I beam support the stair

45. Connection between upper and lower container • steel angles connected together by bolt and nut to enable to disassemble the containers after using it. Each of the steel angles is connected to the container by welding it to the top of the ground container and the bottom of the first floor container. • From American institute of steel construction (AISC) angle (L4x4x1/2) has been selected with an area of 3.75 in2 Upper container Steel angles connected by bolt and nut Lower container

46. Types of connection • Connection between two panels • Tongue and groove • Connection between panel and containers • Steel channel Connection between two panels

47. Load Calculation • From AISC we choose I beam (HP8X36) with following data: • Fy=50ksi • Ag=10.6 in2 • Weight of upper container =3310kg • Weight of lower container =4060kg • Weight of Fiber composite panel(lower container)=79.38kg • Weight of Fiber composite panel(upper container)=117.5kg • Total Weight of upper container =3427.5kg • Total Weight of lower container =4139.38kg

48. Load Calculation • upper container Load /unit area=148.29kg/m2 • Lower container Load /unit =134.68 kg/m2 Load carried by lower container • Load carried by C6= 817.59 kg • Load carried by C5=1034.81 kg • Load carried by C4=1034.81 kg • Load carried by C3=217.21 kg • Load carried by C2=217.21 kg

49. Load Calculation Load carried by upper container • Load carried by C5= 239.18 kg • Load carried by C3= 239.18 kg • Load carried by C2= =856.89 kg • Load carried by C4= 856.89 kg • Load carried by C1=617.72 kg Total load /column • Load carried by C1=617.72 kg • Load carried by C2=1074.1kg • Load carried by C3=456.39kg • Load carried by C4=1891.7kg • Load carried by C5=1273.99kg • Load carried by C6= 817.59 kg

50. Load Calculation Stress/column • Stress on C1=0.13ksi • Stress on C3= 0.096 ksi • Stress on C6= 0.173ksi • Stress on C2= 0.23ksi C2 considered as a critical column because its carried the maximum stress and its smaller than the stress of the chosen I beam section. so the column is safe. • Stress (bearing capacity) = [load (P)/area of footing] • Bearing capacity for Pakistan (20t/m2) =0.029 ksi>Stress on C2= 0.23ksi