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Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks at Closer Look

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks at Closer Look. Igneous Rocks. Igneous rocks are formed from the crystallization (cooling) of magma. Extrusive – cooled on the Earth’s surface (quicker) Intrusive – cooled beneath Earth’s surface (slower) Granite is the most common intrusive rock.

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Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks at Closer Look

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  1. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks at Closer Look

  2. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rocks are formed from the crystallization (cooling) of magma. • Extrusive – cooled on the Earth’s surface (quicker) • Intrusive – cooled beneath Earth’s surface (slower) • Granite is the most common intrusive rock.

  3. Igneous Rock - Magma • Magma is a slushy mix of molten rock, gases, and mineral crystals. • It’s made up of the same elements found in the Earth’s crust. • Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium. • Silica (SiO2) is the most abundant compound in magma and has the greatest effect on its characteristics.

  4. Igneous Rock - Magma • The formation of magma is effected by three factors: • High temperature • High pressure • Water

  5. Igneous Rock – Bowen’s Reaction Series • Magma that cools at different temperatures forms different minerals (fractional crystallization). • Bowen’s reaction series is used to indicate the temperature where a mineral melts and/or crystallizes.

  6. Bowen’s Reaction Series

  7. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock is formed from sediment. • Sediments are pieces of rock that have been deposited by • Erosion – movement of rocks • Weathering – breaking down of rocks • Chemical - when rocks are dissolved • Mechanical - when rock is broken down by physical processes. • Precipitation (solids formed from a liquid)

  8. Sedimentary Rock - Formation • Lithification is physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks • Compaction • Cementation • Different types of rocks can be formed • Clastic – made from non-organic material • Bioclastic – made from organic material

  9. Metamorphic Rocks • Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks (sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic rock) that have been exposed to: • high temperatures • pressure

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