PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND WATER with MONITORING SYSTEMS and VULNERABILITY MAPS

1. PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND WATER with MONITORING SYSTEMS and VULNERABILITY MAPS PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor1 EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos, Lecturer1 1Geomatics & Surveying Dept., Technological Educational Institute of Serres, Greece

2. Introduction • GROUNDWATER: a VITAL resource! • GROUNDWATER protection & Management: • is a CRITICAL procedure for Sustainable Development • Involving: • the Preservation of QUALITY, • the Preservation of QUANTITY and • The ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT assessment of it’s use 2

3. Ground Water resources protection • CONSERVATION & ENHANCEMENT of GroundWater resources can be achieved through : • Land Care • GW Management • GW Recharge Preservation • In any case, when trying to “protect and preserve” the central idea must be …. • PREVENTION • (instead of disaster/pollution management) 3

4. Scope • To highlight the possibilities offered by contemporary technologies such as Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in Ground Water protection and management… • By assessing groundwater vulnerabilitywhich can be considered as one of it’ssustainability indicators • By displaying the potential uses of an integrated Ground Water Information System 4

5. Delineating Recharge Areas (1/2) Fracture pattern and density Location False Color Composites & Band Ratios PC2-4/7-3/1 PC2-4/7-4/3 TM5/7-4/5-3/1 TM4/7-4/3-4/6 TM4/3-5/7-4/5 Band Ratios & False Color Composites used to: Map the Geology Trace Faults Lineament Orientation analysis 5

6. Delineating Recharge Areas Recharge area delineation Additional Hydrochemical Data used Ion Ratio indicating groundwater origin through Mg-rich formations: Mg/Ca > 1.0 Lineament Density Fractures Recharge Area delineation Ion Ratio indicating groundwater residence time in the aquifer: [Ca+Mg] / [Na + K ] Ion Ratio spatial distribution 6

7. GW Vulnerability assessment (1/2) D R A S T I C Depth to groundwater Recharge Rate = X Impact of Vadose zone Aquifer Media Mean Annual Infiltration (mm) Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) Effective Infiltration (%) Hydraulic Conductivity Topography Soil Media Rainfall: 25 years /53 stations 260 sampling points Geologic maps (scale 1:50,000) Bore logs 7

8. GW Vulnerability assessment (1/2) Installations/Activities plotted against Ground Water Vulnerability Ground Water Vulnerability as compared to NO3 concentration Reliability Check Use… LANDUSE to estimate RISK 8

9. Ground Water Information System A system that can be used to protect groundwater and to support decisions for Ground Water sustainable management • GWIS concept design • The proposed system presents a typical Multi-TIER Architecture • System Tiers: • Data Collection Layer • Data Services/Applications Layer • DataBases • Application & Data Access code • User Access control & Content Management • Presentation Layer 9

10. Ground Water Information System MONITORING STATION HOUSEDONLINE REAL-TIME TELECONTROLED SPECTROPHOTOMETERS Data input through Web services Data (information) layers shown Early Warning System In RED color the sampling points where the specified threshold value for a specified parameter was exceeded. 10

11. GWIS characteristics • Groundwater quantity and/or quality related parameters, can be constantly (or selectively) measuredand data can be instantly transferred, stored and made readily available. • The system is capable to adapt to site specific conditions and local regulations and to maximise cost-effectiveness without compromising program and data quality • Ion or Contaminantconcentrations that are above set thresholds can be tracked and contaminant trends can be identified. • Remedial measure performance can be evaluated. • Regulators can have access to data and maps in real time, estimate future trends and make decisions • Public awareness can be greatly enhanced by providing information and guidelines over the Web so the public can be transformed from “part of the problem” to “part of the solution” 11

12. Conclusions • Remote Sensing Techniques combined with the use of Geographic Information Systems over the Web can provide accurate and reliable informationregarding groundwater protection and management at minimal costs. • Pollution Hazard Preventive measures • Can be based on vulnerability assessment models and methods, • can provide reliable results and help make decisions regarding the regulatory framework and the land use planning on a regional scale • The use of a Ground Water Information System integrating the above technologies can greatly help both as a Decision Support AND as an Early Warning System for groundwater protection and management. 12

13. The Problems we have to face from a Cross-Border Perspective • There is an ongoing effort to reduce the impact pollution Hazards can have on people and on the environment. • Problems & Drawbacks • Lack of RELIABLE information • The COST of required DATA • Lack of SYSTEMATIC pollution hazard assessment • Lack of a “common census” in terms of Methodologies and Procedures adapted so that results can be comparable • …and regarding the local administration (only a couple of…) • Not imposed LEGAL FRAMEWORK • Lack of PUBLIC AWARENESS 13

14. …suggestions on How to Solve them • Responce • Key elements for Pollution Hazard mitigation, especially by taking Preventive measures, are: • Pollution Hazard Identification • Risk assessment and • Applied Research and Technology transfer • And to achieve those targets we need • Acommon census on Methodologies used/adapted • Selection of the appropriate Methodology (–ies) by a review-compare-select-pilot implement procedure • Data homogenization • Data standardization according to the selected data model 14

15. PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND WATER with MONITORING SYSTEMS and VULNERABILITY MAPS THANK YOU! PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor1 EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos, Lecturer1 1Geomatics & Surveying Dept., Technological Educational Institute of Serres, Greece